Implications of fungal infections and mycotoxins in camel diseases in Saudi Arabia

Bokhari, Fardos M.

doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2009.12.011

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In Saudi Arabia, so far, little published information is available about fungal mycobiota in agricultural products particularly those used as ingredients in poultry and animal feeds. Only sporadic reports covering short periods and smaller regions described the presence of some toxigenic fungi or mycotoxins in agricultural products (Abdel-Hafez 1984;Gashgari et al 2010;Kassim 1987;Sejiny et al 1984;Yassin et al 2010) and animal feed stuffs (Al-Julaifi & Al-Falih 200l;Bokhari 2010). In the absence of sufficient basic data, recommendations for control and prevention of contamination by toxigenic fungi in agricultural based feed ingredients cannot be made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergilli and Their Aflatoxins Contamination of Poultry and Animal Feedstuff Samples in Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Gherbawy¹,

Shebany²,

Alharthy³

2019

JSM

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Aspergillus and their aflatoxins contaminations were studied in sixty poultry and animal feedstuff samples collected from the western region (Jeddah, Makkah and Taif cities) from Saudi Arabia. Fourteen species of Aspergillus were isolated and identified in the present investigation using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) at 27ºC. The identification of isolated Aspergillus was confirmed by using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing for representative species (194 species) of the collected Aspergillus sp. were sequenced and the obtained sequence results were deposited in Gene Bank under accession numbers. The sequence results indicated to the full correspondence between the molecular identification of the isolated fungi and the morphological identification. Moisture content was considered indicator for the number of Aspergillus isolated, therefore, Aspergillus and their aflatoxins were isolated in high counts from Jeddah and Taif according to the moisture content. Therefore, A. flavus was the most common species (59.78%), followed by A. niger (21.59%). The co-occurrence of Aspergillus species ranged from one species to 6 species per sample. The frequencies of occurrence for most afltoxigenic species isolated from studied samples ranged from 2 to 56%. Aspergillus flavus contaminated the majority of investigated feedstuff samples and the co-occurrence of more than one aflatoxigenic species was reported in many samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergilli and Their Aflatoxins Contamination of Poultry and Animal Feedstuff Samples in Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Gherbawy¹,

Shebany²,

Alharthy³

2019

JSM

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“…The most potent carcinogens found in nature, aflatoxins are toxic not only to humans, but also to livestock, pets, and wildlife [1][2][3][4]. Dietary exposure to aflatoxins is one of the major causes of hepatocellular carcinoma, the fifth most common cancer in humans worldwide [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Accumulation in a Maize Diallel Cross

Williams

Windham

2015

Agriculture

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Aflatoxins, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, occur naturally in maize. Contamination of maize grain with aflatoxin is a major food and feed safety problem and greatly reduces the value of the grain. Plant resistance is generally considered a highly desirable approach to reduction or elimination of aflatoxin in maize grain. In this investigation, a diallel cross was produced by crossing 10 inbred lines with varying degrees of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation in all possible combinations. Three lines that previously developed and released as sources of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation were included as parents. The 10 parental inbred lines and the 45 single crosses making up the diallel cross were evaluated for aflatoxin accumulation in field tests conducted in 2013 and 2014. Plants were inoculated with an A. flavus spore suspension seven days after silk emergence. Ears were harvested approximately 60 days later and concentration of aflatoxin in the grain determined. Parental inbred lines Mp717, Mp313E, and Mp719 exhibited low levels (3-12 ng/g) of aflatoxin accumulation. In the diallel analysis, both general and specific combining ability were significant sources of variation in the inheritance of resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. General combining ability effects for reduced aflatoxin accumulation were greatest for Mp494, Mp719, and Mp717. These lines should be especially useful in breeding for resistance to aflatoxin accumulation. Breeding strategies, such as reciprocal recurrent selection, would be appropriate.

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“…Aflatoxins are considered the most feed contaminations in Saudi Arabia, due to the favorable environmental conditions (Bokhari, 2010). International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified Aflatoxins as carcinogenic to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) Residues on the Pathology of Camel Liver

Al-Hiza¹,

Al-Ga²,

Barak³

2015

Asian J. of Animal and Veterinary Advances

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This study was carried out to evaluate the potential effect of high Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) residues on the pathology of livers of camels slaughtered at different abattoirs in AL-Ahsa region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Aflatoxin residues were determined in a total number of 160 camel liver samples. Thirty seven (23.1%) liver samples showed residues of AFB1 higher than the standard permissible limit (spl. 0.05 ppb). Seventeen of these samples contained very high residues between 0.1-1.0 ppb. while twenty samples contained residues between 0.05-0.1 ppb. However, 123 (76.9%) liver samples showed AFB1 residues less than the standard permissible limits (spl). Small portions of the liver tissue from all animals were removed, weighed and preserved in 10% formalin solution and then embedded in paraffin wax. Pathological changes were observed in the liver tissues collected from all camels. Liver samples containing high AFB1 residues showed remarkable gross changes including fatty degeneration with variable areas of petechial hemorrhages, Congestion, fibrosis and large whitish focus of necrosis. However, mild gross changes were obtained in the liver samples containing medium AFB1 residues, between (0.05->0.1 ppb.) and no gross changes were obtained in the liver samples containing AFB1 residues bellow the standard permissible limits (spl). In addition the histopathological changes in the liver samples with high residues of AFB1 showed vacuolar degenerations, cholangitis, cirrhosis, bile duct carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma while hepatocytic fatty vacuolation, hydropic degeneration, congestion and mild degree of peribiliary cirrhosis were observed in the liver samples containing medium, AFB1 residues and no remarkable changes were seen in the liver samples containing AFB1 residues below the standard permissible limits (spl). These results revealed that aflatoxin residues may cause massive histopathological changes to the liver tissue of camels and caution should be exhibited in its use for human and animal consumption.

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Implications of fungal infections and mycotoxins in camel diseases in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Aspergilli and Their Aflatoxins Contamination of Poultry and Animal Feedstuff Samples in Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Aspergilli and Their Aflatoxins Contamination of Poultry and Animal Feedstuff Samples in Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Aflatoxin Accumulation in a Maize Diallel Cross

Effect of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) Residues on the Pathology of Camel Liver

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