Implications of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku Japan earthquake for the treatment of site effects in large earthquakes

Taxonomy of : A Review of Definitions and Estimation Approaches Targeted to Applications

“…Similarly, Frankel et al (1999) measured κ from surface-to-reference amplification functions relative to an ideal reference site. Motazedian (2006) and Ghofrani et al (2013), on the other hand, applied a similar method to the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio, that is, using the vertical component as reference. In those approaches, for a non-zero reference κ, the measured quantity was the difference between horizontal and vertical κ.…”

Ground‐Motion Prediction Models for Arias Intensity and Cumulative Absolute Velocity for Japanese Earthquakes Considering Single‐Station Sigma and Within‐Event Spatial Correlation

“…Ghofrani et al (2013) performed an extensive analysis of site amplification using surface and borehole ground-motion data from the KiK-net stations during the Tohoku and other Japanese events. They reported that site amplification effects in the high-frequency range are very large in Japan, with the exception of some localized nonlinearity and noted that the degree of nonlinearity increases with the intensity of shaking.…”

Site condition evaluation using horizontal-to-vertical response spectral ratios of earthquakes in the NGA-West 2 and Japanese databases

“…Ghofrani et al [28] evaluated the applicability of H/V ratios as a tool to estimate site response by modeling the relationship between H/V ratios and known site amplification, as measured by surface-toborehole (S/B) spectral ratios. They showed that the combination of f 0 as determined from the H/V ratios and V S30 can accurately predict the site amplification for a wide range of site classes.…”