Implicit attitudes and road safety behaviors. The helmet-use case

Ledesma, Rubén Daniel; Tosi, Jeremías David; Poó, Fernando Martín; Montes, Silvana Andrea; López, Soledad Susana

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.030

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Por su parte, existen otros estudios latinoamericanos sobre dominios menos estudiados (e.g. actitudes hacia conductas en el tránsito, relación entre riesgo y auto-concepto, y preferencia por la naturaleza), donde se observan correlaciones de bajas a moderadas (Ledesma et al, 2015;Horcajo et al, 2014;Olivos & Aragonés, 2013). En correspondencia con la literatura inglesa, estas variaciones en el efecto del dominio sobre la consistencia entre medidas podrían asociarse al grado de espontaneidad al momento de responder a las medidas directas.…”

Section: Relación Con Medidas Explícitasunclassified

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El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

Tosi¹,

Ledesma²,

Poó³

et al. 2018

Rev Iberoam Diagn Ev

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ResumenLos modelos de cognición social implícita han hecho importantes aportes metodológicos a la investigación psicológica. Sobre la base de estos enfoques se han desarrollado las llamadas medidas "indirectas", cuyo ejemplo más representativo es el Test de Asociaciones Implícitas (IAT). Este trabajo se propone realizar una revisión del IAT atendiendo especialmente a las críticas recibidas en relación con su validez. Se analizan distintos problemas sobre su estructura interna, la naturaleza de los procesos subyacentes a las respuestas, y los posibles efectos contaminantes de otras variables. En cada caso, se realizan recomendaciones para su construcción y aplicación. Se espera que este trabajo incentive el uso adecuado del IAT en los países de habla hispana, donde el procedimiento se encuentra aún escasamente difundido. Palabras clave: cognición social implícita, medidas indirectas, Test de Asociaciones Implícitas, validez AbstractImplicit social cognition models gave relevant methodological inputs to psychological research. On the basis of these models the so called indirect measures have been developed, being the most representative of them the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The present paper is a revision of the research about the IAT, specially about the critics made of its validity. The paper analyzes different problems regarding its internal structure, the nature of the underlying processes, and the possible effects of confounding variables. Recommendations for the IAT construction and application are given. It is expected that this revision stimulate the correct use of the IAT in Spanish speaking countries where this procedure is scarcely spread. Keywords IntroducciónEn las últimas décadas el área de la cognición social implícita ha hecho aportes fundamentales en el desarrollo de instrumentos psicológicos (Hofmann, Gawronski, Gschwendner, Le, & Schmitt, 2005). Estas innovaciones metodológicas aportaron información novedosa y ampliaron las posibilidades de estudio para muchos constructos de interés (e.g. actitudes, estereotipos, autoconcepto). Las nuevas medidas denominadas indirectas, a diferencia de los métodos directos convencionales, ofrecieron la oportunidad de evaluar contenidos mentales implícitos a través del rendimiento en tareas de tiempo de respuesta (Blair, Dasgupta, & Glaser, 2015;Tello, Bravo, & Martínez, 2010). Una de las particularidades de estos métodos es que no dependen de la introspección y limitan la posibilidad de que los participantes controlen sus respuestas Egloff, Schwerdtfeger, & Schmukle, 2005).Aunque en la actualidad existen múltiples medidas indirectas, el Test de Asociación Implícita (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) es la prueba más reconocida (Bar-Anan & Nosek, 2014). El predominio del IAT en comparación con otras pruebas indirectas se evidencia en la cantidad de investigaciones que lo han empleado (Nosek, Howkins, & Frazier, 2011). Esta medida ha sido utilizada en muchas áreas de la disciplina, tales como psicología social, psicología de la personalidad, psicol...

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Section: Relación Con Medidas Explícitasunclassified

“…En esta región su uso es aún incipiente, aunque es posible encontrar algunas aplicaciones en distintos dominios, como son las actitudes (e.g. Ledesma, Tosi, Poó, Montes, & López, 2015), los prejuicios (e.g. Canales, Guerrero, Sierra, & Callejas, 2009), y el auto-concepto (e.g.…”

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El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

Tosi¹,

Ledesma²,

Poó³

et al. 2018

Rev Iberoam Diagn Ev

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“…Traditionally, researchers have studied explicit attitudes of employees by using questionnaires (e.g., Cox & Cox, 1991; Rundmo, 2000). However, increasingly more researchers now focus on implicit attitudes that can be assessed with reaction time measures like the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al, 1998; Ledesma et al, 2015; Marquardt, 2010; Rydell et al, 2006). These implicit attitudes could provide better insights into what influences safety behavior because they are considered to be tightly linked with key safety indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety culture transformation—The impact of training on explicit and implicit safety attitudes

Marquardt

Hoebel

Lud

2020

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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The present paper investigates the changeability of safety culture elements such as explicit and implicit safety attitudes by training. Therefore, three studies with different time frames, training durations, and settings will be presented. In the first study, the short‐term attitude change of students from an international environmental sciences study program was measured after safety training in a chemical laboratory. In the second study, the medium‐term attitude change was assessed after a Crew Resource Management training for German production workers in the automotive industry. In the third study, the long‐term attitude changes were measured after safety ethics training in a sample of German occupational psychology and business students. Different self‐report measures were used to evaluate the training effectiveness of explicit safety attitudes. The change of implicit safety attitudes was assessed by Implicit Association Tests. The results of all three studies revealed a significant training effect on the explicit safety attitudes, but not on the implicit ones. Besides the training effect on the explicit attitudes, there was no effect of time frame (short‐, medium‐, long‐term), training duration (2 h, 2 days, 12 weeks), and setting (chemical laboratory, automotive industry, safety ethics study program) on the attitude change. Based on the results, conceptual, methodological, and practical implications for training effectiveness and safety culture transformation are discussed.

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“…Martinussen et al [ 34 ] found significant relationships between implicit attitudes towards risky and safe driving and self-reported driving skills and aberrant driving behaviour frequency. Furthermore, implicit attitudes predicted observed differences in helmet use and were more robust against social desirability biases than explicit measures [ 33 ]. Thus, measuring implicit attitudes towards traffic behaviour is relatively novel in the realm of traffic research but is a promising way of exploring the attitude-behaviour relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes towards drunk driving

Martinussen

Petranca

Sømhovd³

2018

PLoS ONE

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Despite downward trends, driving under the influence (DUI) remains one of the most salient traffic safety problems. It is crucial to identify the processes behind a problem behaviour to target the most effective measures to address it. One way of exploring precursors of behaviour is measuring attitudes. All persons hold two types of attitudes, explicit and implicit. Although only one of these (explicit) lays the groundwork for current understandings of DUI, it is imperative to explore both types of attitudes. We explore the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes towards DUI for the first time in the field. Explicit attitudes (what we say we mean) are measured by a questionnaire. Implicit attitudes (which are introspectively unidentified or inaccurately identified traces of past experience) are measured by the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT) in a sample of young male drivers (n = 101). The results show a relationship between the two types of attitudes, but not completely in the expected way. Depending whether the amount of alcohol is over or under the legal limit, the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes varies. We discuss the findings and provide directions for future investigations.

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Implicit attitudes and road safety behaviors. The helmet-use case

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

Safety culture transformation—The impact of training on explicit and implicit safety attitudes

The relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes towards drunk driving

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