Implicit processes in emotion regulation

Mauss, Iris B.; Yu, Chien-Ying; Gross, James J.

doi:10.1037/e633872013-887

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Secondly, the tendency to select reappraisal for ER in a laboratory situation appears to be related to mental health. While we know that reappraisal is not always adaptive (Ford & Troy, 2019; Mauss & Troy, in press; Troy et al, 2013), our experimental finding aligns with reports on ER in daily life in suggesting that a tendency to use reappraisal more often is linked to better well-being and mental health. Here, the capacity to successfully implement reappraisal seems to play a role in the decision to use the strategy and thus might indirectly influence mental health.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Over time, these enable a better adjustment to stress. As a long-term effect, they increase resilience and the likelihood of better mental health, even in the face of adversity (Troy et al, 2023; Mauss & Troy, in press). These assumptions on the mediation of a causal effect of reappraisal use on mental health by positive emotions should be tested with longitudinal and intervention studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual differences in emotion regulation: Personal tendency in strategy selection is related to implementation capacity and well-being.

Rammensee¹,

Morawetz²,

Basten³

2023

Emotion

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Individual differences in emotion regulation (ER) are assumed to play an important role in resilience and mental health. In a standardized laboratory setting, we investigated how the individual tendency to select specific ER strategies (reappraisal vs. distraction) and the capacity to implement these strategies are related (a) to each other and (b) to trait markers of mental health in a nonclinical sample. For 159 participants, individual regulatory tendency and capacity were assessed with established experimental tasks focusing on ER selection and implementation, respectively. Trait markers of mental health were assessed with questionnaires on ER habits, trait resilience, and well-being. We observed that ER tendency and capacity were positively correlated specifically for the condition in which participants were facing negative stimuli of high intensity. Furthermore, while ER capacity was not consistently associated with trait markers of mental health, a higher tendency to choose reappraisal (as opposed to distraction) was associated with higher trait resilience and better well-being. This study is the first to provide experimental evidence that a person’s tendency to select a particular ER strategy is associated with the person’s capacity to implement it successfully. Moreover, based on experimental data, we confirm an association between reappraisal tendency and mental health that has previously been suggested by questionnaire studies. This points to regulatory selection as a potential target for interventions fostering resilience and mental health. In the next step, intervention studies should clarify whether the association reflects a causal influence of regulation tendency on resilience.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in emotion regulation: Personal tendency in strategy selection is related to implementation capacity and well-being.

Rammensee¹,

Morawetz²,

Basten³

2023

Emotion

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“…Our third aim was to examine the effects of emotional suppression alongside cognitive reappraisal, which is often used as a comparison when assessing the effects of emotional suppression on memory (e.g., Chang et al, 2018; Dillon et al, 2007; Richards & Gross, 2000; Szczygieł & Baryła, 2019). Cognitive reappraisal involves reinterpreting the way in which emotion-eliciting situations are viewed and is typically considered to be an adaptive or “good” strategy because it decreases the subjective experience of negative emotions (e.g., Gross & John, 2003; Kowalski et al, 2022; Mauss & Troy, 2023; Richards & Gross, 2000). However, the effects of cognitive reappraisal on memory have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Accuracy and Bias In Memory Of Depressive Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holiday or hell? Emotion regulation and memory of depressive symptoms during lockdown.

Chang,

Overall

2024

Emotion

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The ongoing repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic provide an unparalleled context to examine how distressing events are remembered. Prior theory and research suggest that (a) distress during lockdowns may fade and be remembered as less distressing, or remain salient and be remembered as more distressing, than initially experienced and (b) emotional suppression and cognitive reappraisal may predict these memory biases. We test these possibilities by assessing depressive symptoms and emotion regulation during two lockdowns: at the start of the pandemic (Lockdown 2020) and 17 months later (Lockdown 2021) in a sample of parents with young children (N = 272). We assessed tracking accuracy, directional bias, and projection bias in memory of depressive symptoms in Lockdown 2020, and the moderating role of emotion regulation at the time of encoding (Lockdown 2020) and recall (Lockdown 2021). People experiencing more depressive symptoms later in the pandemic (2021) remembered the start of the pandemic (2020) to involve more depressive symptoms than initially experienced (projection bias). People engaging in greater emotional suppression at recall (2021) were less likely to project their current depressive symptoms onto memory of the prior lockdown (lower projection bias) and remembered feeling lower depressive symptoms than initially experienced (underestimation directional bias). By contrast, people engaging in cognitive reappraisal at recall (2021) remembered feeling greater depressive symptoms than they initially experienced (overestimation directional bias). These unexpected results indicate that emotion regulation may shape memory of emotion during real-life challenges differently than patterns observed in lab-based research and may reflect helpful coping with life events.

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Implicit processes in emotion regulation

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Individual differences in emotion regulation: Personal tendency in strategy selection is related to implementation capacity and well-being.

Individual differences in emotion regulation: Personal tendency in strategy selection is related to implementation capacity and well-being.

Holiday or hell? Emotion regulation and memory of depressive symptoms during lockdown.

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