Importance of BODIPY-based Chemosensors for Cations and Anions in Bio-imaging Applications

Abstract

Background: Chemosensor compounds are useful for sensitive selective detection of cations and anions with fluorophore groups in an attempt to develop the effective selectivity of the sensors. Although familiar fluorescent sensors utilizing inter-molecular interactions with the cations and anions, an extraordinary endeavor was executed the preparation of fluorescent-based sensor compounds. 4,4-difluoro-4- bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (Bodipy) and its derivatives were firstly used as an agent in the imaging of biomolecules due to their interesting structures, complexation, and fluorogenic properties. Among the fluorescent chemosensors used for cations and anions, Bodipy-based probes stand out owing to the excellent properties such as sharp emission profile, high stability, etc. In this review, we emphasize the Bodipy-based chemosensor compounds, which have been used to image cations and anions in living cells, because of as well as the biocompatibility and spectroscopic properties. Methods: Research and online content related to chemosensor online activity is reviewed. The advances, sensing mechanisms and design strategies of the fluorophore exploiting selective detection of some cation and anions with Bodipy-based chemosensors are explained. It could be claimed that the using of Bodipy-based chemosensors is very important for cations and anions in bio-imaging applications. Results: Molecular sensors or chemosensors are molecules that show a change can be detected when affected by the analyte. They are capable of producing a measurable signal when they are selective for a particular molecule. Molecular and ion recognition that it is important in biological systems such as enzymes, genes, environment, and chemical fields. Due to the toxic properties of many heavy metal ions, it is of great importance to identify these metals due to their harmful effects on living metabolism and the pollution they create in the environment. This process can be performed with analytical methods based on atomic absorption and emission. The fluorescence methods among chemosensor systems have many advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity, low price, simplicity of using the instrument and direct determination in solutions. The fluorescence studies can be applied at nanomolar concentrations. Conclusion: During a few decades, a lot of Bodipy-based chemosensors for the detection of cations & anions have been investigated in bio-imaging applications. For the Bodipy-based fluorescent chemosensors, the Bodipy derivatives were prepared by different ligand groups for the illumination of the photophysical and photochemical properties. The synthesized Bodipy-based chemosensors have remarkable photophysical properties, such as a high quantum yield, strong molar absorption coefficient etc. Moreover, these chemosensors were successfully implemented on living organisms for the detection of analytes.

Sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitutions on cyanuric chloride: synthesis of BODIPY derivatives and mechanistic insights

“…14,15 The use of fluorescent molecular sensors in the field of cation detection stands out as the main application of this class of compounds found in recent literature, a fact that is mainly due to the great importance of identifying and quantifying certain metals in different media, with special attention to the precautions to be taken in contaminated environments. 16,17 Molecules bearing aminoalkylpyridine moieties have shown to be efficient in selective cation detection due to their chelating properties. 18 Combining the appealing photophysical properties of BODIPY with the enhanced water solubility of phosphoramidates and the cation affinity of aminoalkylpyridines could pose a challenging task.…”

Cell Uptake of Steroid-BODIPY Conjugates and Their Internalization Mechanisms: Cancer Theranostic Dyes

“…These properties can be modulated by appropriate chemical tuning of the chromophore [ 1 , 5 ]. BODIPY derivatives have found a broad range of applications as chemo-sensors [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], logic gates [ 10 , 11 , 12 ], energy transfer cassettes [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], and sensitized solar cells [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. They have also been used as fluorescent agents to label a variety of different ligands, including proteins [ 20 , 21 ], DNA [ 22 , 23 ], carbohydrates and lipids [ 24 , 25 ], peptides [ 26 , 27 ], and steroid hormones [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

A Study on the Structure, Optical Properties and Cellular Localization of Novel 1,3-Benzothiazole-Substituted BODIPYs

“…Borondipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) constitute a privileged class of organic fluorophores with applications in various biomedical fields [1][2][3]. They are used for fluorescence sensing [4,5] and fluorescence imaging [6][7][8][9], as photosensitizers in photodynamic [10][11][12][13][14] and photothermal therapy [15], and more recently, they have been explored in photoacoustic imaging [16][17][18]. BODIPYs are functional dyes exhibiting strong absorption and narrow emission peaks between the visible and the near-infrared region, Ref.…”