Importance of duration and number of ischemic postconditioning cycles in preventing reperfusion mesenteric injuries. Experimental study in rats

Santos, Carlos Henrique Marques dos; Aydos, Ricardo Dutra; Neto, Ed Nogueira; Miiji, Luciana Nakao Odashiro; Cassino, Pedro Carvalho; Ahmed, I; Calheiros, Nádia Meneguesso; Garcia, Milena; Silva, Anderson Fernandes da

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020150100000009

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Until now, nearly all studies investigating the effect of IPoC in the intestine, were performed in rats that were anaesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of ketamine and xylazin, and subjected to complete occlusion of the cranial mesenteric artery [4; 7-10; 28; 29]. In these studies, differences in Chiu score of 1 – 2 points were found between the control and treatment groups [4; 7-10], demonstrating greater changes than those found in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia

Verhaar

Breves

Hewicker‐Trautwein

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryBackgroundIschaemic postconditioning (IPoC) has been shown to ameliorate ischaemia reperfusion injury in different species and tissues.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of IPoC in equine small intestinal ischaemia and to assess its effect on histomorphology, electrophysiology and paracellular permeability.Study designrandomized controlled terminal in vivo experimentMethodsExperimental jejunal ischaemia was induced for 90 min in horses under general anaesthesia. In the control group (C; n=7), the jejunum was reperfused without further intervention. In the postconditioning group (P; n=7), IPoC was implemented by clamping the mesenterial vessels after ischaemia. This was followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion in both groups. Intestinal microperfusion and oxygenation was measured during IPoC using spectrophotometry and Doppler fluxmetry. Histomorphology and histomorphometry of the intestinal mucosa were assessed. Furthermore, electrophysiological variables and unidirectional fluxrates of 3H-mannitol were determined in Ussing chambers. Western Blot analysis was performed to determine the tight junction protein levels of Claudin-1, Claudin-2 and Occludin in the intestinal mucosa. Comparisons between the groups and time points were performed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA or non-parametric statistical tests for the ordinal and not normally distributed data (significance p<0.05).ResultsPostconditioning significantly reduced intestinal microperfusion during all clamping cycles, yet affected tissue oxygenation only during the first cycle. After reperfusion, group IPoC showed significantly less mucosal villus denudation (mean difference 21.5 %, p=0.02) and decreased mucosal-to-serosal fluxrates (mean difference 15.2 nM/cm2/h, p=0.007) compared to group C. There were no significant differences between the groups for the other tested variables.Main limitationssmall sample size, long term effects were not investigated.ConclusionsFollowing ischaemic postconditioning, the intestinal mucosa demonstrated significantly less villus denudation and paracellular permeability compared to the untreated control group, possibly indicating a protective effect of IPoC on ischaemia reperfusion injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia

Verhaar

Breves

Hewicker‐Trautwein

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…As mentioned, there are few publications aimed at evaluating remote lung damage against IR, especially using IPC as a protection method. Existing publications point to a promising role in this method, similar to other IR situations in which IPC provides tissue protection [ 14 ] . Despite this, there are few studies that have used IPC in clinical practice, which reinforces the importance of finding a pharmacological method that presents the same or greater efficacy, increasing interest in safe drugs such as statins and that at least their pleiotropic effect could be useful in such situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning and Atorvastatin in the Prevention of Remote Lung Reperfusion Injury

Santos¹,

Dourado²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

Braz J Cardiovasc Surg

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ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of ischemic postconditioning, atorvastatin and both associated to prevent or minimize reperfusion injury in the lung of rats subjected to ischemia and reperfusion by abdominal aortic clamping.MethodsWe used 41 Wistar norvegic rats, which were distributed into 5 groups: ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), ischemic postcondictioning (IPC), postconditioning + atorvastatin (IPC+A), atorvastatin (A) and SHAM. It was performed a medium laparotomy, dissection and isolation of the infra-renal abdominal aorta; except for the SHAM group, all the others were submitted to the aortic clamping for 70 minutes (ischemia) and posterior clamp removal (reperfusion, 70 minutes). In the IPC and IPC+A groups, postconditioning was performed between the ischemia and reperfusion phases by four cycles of reperfusion and ischemia lasting 30 seconds each. In the IPC+A and A groups, preceding the surgical procedure, administration of 3.4 mg/day of atorvastatin was performed for seven days by gavage. After the surgical procedure, the right caudal lobe was removed from the lung for histological study, using tissue injury score ranging from grade 1 (normal tissue) to grade 4 (intense lesion).ResultsThe mean lung injury was 3.6 in the I/R group, 1.6 in the IPC group, 1.2 in the IPC+A group, 1.2 in the A group, and 1 in the SHAM group (P<0.01).ConclusionIschemic postconditioning and atorvastatin were able to minimize lung reperfusion injury, alone or in combination.

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“… 27 Despite this, some algorithms are being praised for mice and rats with low time cycles, like 30 or 10 s, 28 but many results in the literature are conflicting, since the difference between prolonged and shorter cycles is not observed in some studies. 29 , 30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote post-conditioning and allopurinol reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in an infra-renal ischemia model

Brandão

Gomes

Lopes

et al. 2018

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease

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Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant allopurinol and ischemic post-conditioning on the deleterious effects of ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) in a standardized model of ischemia involving infra-renal aortic occlusion in rats.Methods:The animals were randomly divided into five groups: (A) animals not subjected to ischemia; (B) animals subjected to 2 h of ischemia and reperfusion only once; (C) animals given an allopurinol dose by gavage, then subjected to 2 h of ischemia and reperfusion only once; (D) animals subjected to 2 h of ischemia and post-conditioning and (E) animals that received allopurinol, then subjected to 2 h of ischemia and post-conditioning. The blood samples and small intestine segments were harvested for analysis after 3 days.Results:The protective effects of the use of allopurinol and ischemic post-conditioning were observed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate levels. The benefits of post-conditioning were evident from the total antioxidant capacity and creatinine levels, but these could not ascertain any positive effects of allopurinol. The histological analysis of mesentery revealed that both methods were effective in minimizing the harmful effects of the ischemia and reperfusion process.Conclusion:Individual protocols significantly reduced I/R systemic injuries, but no additional protection was observed when the two strategies were combined.

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Importance of duration and number of ischemic postconditioning cycles in preventing reperfusion mesenteric injuries. Experimental study in rats

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia

The effect of ischaemic postconditioning on mucosal integrity and function in equine jejunal ischaemia

Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning and Atorvastatin in the Prevention of Remote Lung Reperfusion Injury

Remote post-conditioning and allopurinol reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in an infra-renal ischemia model

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