Importance of feed structure (particle size) and feed form (mash vs. pellets) in pig nutrition – A review

Vukmirović, Đuro; Čolović, Radmilo; Rakita, Slađana; Brlek, Tea; Ðuragić, O.; Solà-Oriol, David

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.06.016

Cited by 68 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Vukmirović et al. () also reported that particles smaller than 400 μm are considered undesirable due to negative influences on gut health. To further investigate the influence of particle size of corn on the systemic immune and development of piglets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that pigs fed ingredients with a finely ground grain may develop gastric ulcers (Wondra, Hancock, Behnke, Hines, & Stark, 1995) and development of ulcers is considered one of the major reasons for economic losses in the swine industry. Vukmirović et al (2017) also reported that particles smaller than 400 μm are considered undesirable due to negative influences on gut health. To further investigate the influence of particle size of corn on the systemic immune and development of piglets.…”

Section: The Ops Of Brown Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the optimal particle size (OPS) of brown rice for pig diets remains unclear. The OPS of feed ingredients will enable optimal nutrient utilization and, consequently, improve growth performance (Vukmirović et al., ). It has been reported that a reduction in the particle size of sorghum in diets from 724 to 319 μm improved the efficiency of gain by 3.8% (Paulk et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of brown rice particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for young pigs and adult sows

Zhu

Dong

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of brown rice particle size on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in diets fed to pigs at four different stages and determine the optimal particle size (OPS) of brown rice for young pigs and adult sows. Eighteen weanling piglets (initial body weight (BW):10.2 ± 0.4 kg), 18 growing barrows (initial BW: 35.6 ± 1.5 kg), 24 gestating sows (initial BW: 220 ± 2.8 kg), and 24 lactating sows (initial BW: 208 ± 3.8 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 or 4 diets based on completely randomized design with six replicates per diet.Within each stage, brown rice-soybean meal diets were formulated, and the only difference among diets was the brown rice used was ground to the specified particle size.Each stage lasted 19 days, including 7 days for cage adaptation, 7 days for diet adaptation, and 5 days for total feces and urine collection. For weanling and growing pigs, the results showed that pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm had a greater ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and crude protein (CP) than pigs fed brown rice ground to 800 μm. However, there was no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled to 600 μm versus 400 μm. The concentration of nitrogen (N) in feces significantly reduced (p < 0.01) as brown rice particle size decreased from 800 to 400 μm. However, there were no differences in phosphorus (P) output and absorbed P among diets. For gestating and lactating sows, a reduction in particle size from 1,000 to 800 μm significantly improved (p < 0.01) the ATTD of DM, GE, and CP in diets. However, there was also no improvement in the ATTD of energy and nutrients for pigs fed brown rice milled from 800 to 400 μm. In conclusion, considering the energy required for milling and nutrient digestibility, milling brown rice to 600 and 800 μm are recommended in diets for young pigs and adult sows, respectively. The OPS of brown rice for pigs at different physiological stages should be considered to economically and accurately formulate diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Ops Of Brown Ricementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of brown rice particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for young pigs and adult sows

Zhu

Dong

et al. 2018

Animal Science Journal

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“…The main objective of grinding poultry feed ingredients is to crush the grain cell wall and increase the surface for the digestive enzymes; however, it is important to obtain an optimal particle size distribution (PSD). The PSD needs to be adapted to the physiological capabilities of the birds in order to improve nutrient digestibility and animal performance, and to facilitate further feed processing, such as mixing, pelleting, or extrusion/expansion [ 1 , 2 ]. In poultry diets, coarse particles play a physical role in gut development and function, increasing the size of digestive organs such as the gizzard [ 3 ], and the retention time in the proximal portion of the digestive tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Particle Size and Xylanase in Corn-Soybean Pelleted Diets on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Young Broilers

Melo-Durán

Pérez

González-Ortiz

et al. 2020

Animals

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of particle size and xylanase supplementation in corn-based pellet diets on the performance and digestive traits in young broilers. A total of 512 male Ross 308 broilers were used in a 21-day study. The treatments were designed in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with four levels of geometric mean diameter (Dgw) of corn (540, 660, 1390, and 1700 µm), and two levels of xylanase (0 or 16,000 BXU/kg diet). Feeding coarse corn diets (1390 and 1700 µm Dgw) and xylanase supplementation showed an inferior coefficient of variation of body weight. Higher gizzard weight, microbiome alpha-diversity, and clustered separately beta-diversity (p < 0.05) were observed in birds fed coarse diets. The addition of xylanase promoted changes in relative bacteria abundance, increasing Lachnospiraceae, Defluviitaleaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Bacillaceae, Eggerthellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families in the 1700 µm group, and Christensenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae families in the 540 µm Dgw group. In conclusion, xylanase supplementation and particle size of corn interact in the intestinal environment, showing changes in microbial composition. Coarse diets and xylanase supplementation showed improved body weight homogeneity, which might be related to a better gut development and microbiota modulation.

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“…Pelleting represents the process of compacting materials that were previously grinded to the desired sizes, by introducing them into special equipment and forcing them to pass through the cylindrical orifices of a plane or ring die. Pelleting biomass the bulk density increases from ≤ 100 kg•m -3 la ≈ 600 kg•m -3 [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of using additives on quality of pelletized fodder

Găgeanu

Persu

Cujbescu

et al. 2019

Engineering for Rural Development

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The animal husbandry sector has had a great increase in the last decades, mostly due to extensive population growth. One of the sectors that has registered an extensive growth is the zootechnical sector, which had to meet the constantly growing food requirements from human populations. Green fodder is one of the main and most healthy animal feeds, but has the disadvantage that it is not available all year long and it has to be preserved. In order to be able to ensure healthy and nourishing animal feed throughout the entire year it is necessary to find ways to preserve green fodder in order to maintain its quality and nutritional properties. One of the ways to preserve green fodders' properties is to process them and turn them into pellets. This operation helps maintain homogeneity and store fodder in better conditions. The fodder pelleting process is largely influenced by the physico-chemical properties of the feed and the binders or additives used. The paper presents the experimental researches conducted for pelleting green fodder (alfalfa, wheat and rapeseed stalks) aimed to be used as animal feed and bedding, with and without using additives (corn starch and sugar beet). Following the experiments, series of analyses were performed to assess their quality. The use of additives was found to have a beneficial effect on the main quality attributes of animal feed pellets: better aspect, length, improved nutritional quality (from 3965.56 to 3989.08 by adding sugar beet), improved durability (from 87.2 to 94.5 % by adding corn starch), etc. This study has demonstrated the existence of direct proportionality (influence) between the pelleting process, main raw materials and the additives used and the quality parameters of animal feed pellets.

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Importance of feed structure (particle size) and feed form (mash vs. pellets) in pig nutrition – A review

Cited by 68 publications

References 70 publications

Effects of brown rice particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for young pigs and adult sows

Effects of brown rice particle size on energy and nutrient digestibility in diets for young pigs and adult sows

Influence of Particle Size and Xylanase in Corn-Soybean Pelleted Diets on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Young Broilers

Influence of using additives on quality of pelletized fodder

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