Importance of Field Data in Stream Water Quality Modeling Using
            <i>QUAL2E-UNCAS</i>

Barnwell, Thomas O.; Brown, Linfield C.; Whittemore, Ray C.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2004)130:6(643)

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Uncertainty analysis tools are built in QUAL2EU to help the user identify the sensitive parameters for a particular application. The QUAL2EU has a long history in systems analysis in water quality management, and has been applied to a number of streams and rivers around the world [22]. It has been widely applied in Europe [23], Asia [24], and North America [25].…”

Section: Strengths and Its Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Public Domain Water Quality Models for Simulating Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers and Streams

Kannel

Kanel²,

Lee

et al. 2010

Environ Model Assess

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The review discusses six major public domain water quality models currently available for rivers and streams. These major models, which differ greatly in terms of processes they represent, data inputs requirements, assumptions, modeling capability, their strengths and weaknesses, could yield useful results if appropriately selected for the desired purposes. The public domain models, which are most suitable for simulating dissolved oxygen along rivers and streams, chosen in this review are simulation catchment (SIMCAT), temporal overall model for catchments (TOM-CAT), QUAL2Kw, QUAL2EU, water quality analysis simulation program (WASP7), and quality simulation along rivers (QUASAR). Each of these models is described based on a consistent set of criteria-conceptualization, processes, input data, model capability, limitations, model strengths, and its application. The results revealed that SIMCAT and TOMCAT are over-simplistic but useful to quickly assess impact of point sources. The QUAL2Kw has provision for conversion of algal death to carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) and thus more appropriate than QUAL2EU, where macrophytes play an important interaction. The extensive requirement of data in WASP7 and QUASAR is difficult to justify the time and costs required to set up these complex models. Thus, a single model could not serve all wide range of functionalities required. The choice of a model depends upon availability of time, financial cost and a specific application. This review may help to choose appropriate model for a particular water quality problem.

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Section: Strengths and Its Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Public Domain Water Quality Models for Simulating Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers and Streams

Kannel

Kanel²,

Lee

et al. 2010

Environ Model Assess

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“…The QUAL2K water quality mathematical model is recognized as a favorable tool for managing water quality in surface waters throughout the world. The model has been applied in the water quality management of North America, Europe, and Asia (Azzellino et al, 2006;Barnwell et al, 2004;Guo and Wang, 2003;McAvoy et al, 2003;Venter et al, 1997;Xu et al, 2004;Yao et al, 2005). However, the model is not suitable for use in the United Kingdom, because it is unable to provide the flows or concentrations in a reach as percentiles, as it has no stochastic component (Cox, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

QUAL2K Model Used in the Water Quality Assessment of Qiantang River, China

Fang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2008

Water Environment Research

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Qiantang River, a subwatershed of the Yangzi River, in China, is one of the main rivers in Zhejiang province. Because the Qiantang River is polluted as a result of urbanization and industrialization, its biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) concentration is increasing gradually, so that it is necessary to use versatile water quality models to assess the BOD concentration and make policies for pollution control. The QUAL2K model was applied to evaluate the spatial distribution of BOD in the Qiantang River. It was calibrated and validated using the data between 2000 and 2004 as a low-flow condition. Wastewater quantity, curtailed 25%, and a BOD level below 30.0 mg/L were simulated using this model. It was found that wastewater treatment is an effective method to reduce BOD content in the Qiantang River during a low-flow period. Also, the results suggest that BOD total maximum daily loads should be established to control pollution effectively. The QUAL2K model can provide the basic knowledge for water quality assessment in this area. Water Environ. Res., 80, 2125Res., 80, (2008.

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“…The need for such a long‐term perspective on model evaluation is emphasized by noting the many long‐lived regulatory modeling approaches (e.g., MOBILE model for estimating atmospheric vehicle emissions, Urban Airshed Model (UAM) air quality model, and the Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E) water quality models) that have had multiple versions and major scientific modifications and extensions in their multiple decades of existence. ( 17–19 )…”

Section: Implications and Recommendations For Regulatory Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The need for such a long-term perspective on model evaluation is emphasized by noting the many long-lived regulatory modeling approaches (e.g., MOBILE model for estimating atmospheric vehicle emissions, Urban Airshed Model (UAM) air quality model, and the Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E) water quality models) that have had multiple versions and major scientific modifications and extensions in their multiple decades of existence. (17)(18)(19) For environmental regulatory models, the NRC committee recommended the development of a life cycle model evaluation plan commensurate with the regulatory application of the model (e.g., the scientific complexity, the precedent-setting potential of the modeling approach or application, the extent to which previous evaluations are still applicable, and the projected impacts of the associated regulatory decision). Some plans may be brief, whereas other plans would be extensive.…”

Section: Life Cycle Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Models and the Environment: Practice, Pitfalls, and Prospects

Holmes¹,

Graham

McKone

et al. 2009

Risk Analysis

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Computational models support environmental regulatory activities by providing the regulator an ability to evaluate available knowledge, assess alternative regulations, and provide a framework to assess compliance. But all models face inherent uncertainties, because human and natural systems are always more complex and heterogeneous than can be captured in a model.Here we provide a summary discussion of the activities, findings, and recommendations of the National Research Council's Committee on Regulatory Environmental Models, a committee funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency to provide guidance on the use of computational models in the regulatory process. Modeling is a difficult enterprise even outside of the potentially adversarial regulatory environment. The demands grow when the regulatory requirements for accountability, transparency, public accessibility, and technical rigor are added to the challenges. Moreover, models cannot be validated (declared true) but instead should be evaluated with regard to their suitability as tools to address a specific question. The committee concluded that these characteristics make evaluation of a regulatory model more complex than simply comparing measurement data with model results. Evaluation also must balance the need for a model to be accurate with the need for a model to be reproducible, transparent, and useful for the regulatory decision at hand. Meeting these needs requires model evaluation to be applied over the "life cycle" of a regulatory model with an approach that includes different forms of peer review, uncertainty analysis, and extrapolation methods than for non-regulatory models.

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Importance of Field Data in Stream Water Quality Modeling Using QUAL2E-UNCAS

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

A Review of Public Domain Water Quality Models for Simulating Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers and Streams

A Review of Public Domain Water Quality Models for Simulating Dissolved Oxygen in Rivers and Streams

QUAL2K Model Used in the Water Quality Assessment of Qiantang River, China

Regulatory Models and the Environment: Practice, Pitfalls, and Prospects

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