Importance of frictional forces on the formation of cavity in a packed bed under cross flow of gas

Rajneesh, S.; Gupta, G. S.

doi:10.1016/s0032-5910(03)00136-0

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It has been pointed out, recently, by few researchers [23][24][25][26][27] that raceway shows hysteresis and decreasing gas velocity results are relevant to blast furnace. Therefore, the liquid holdup results presented in this article may not be valid completely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Holdup in Non-wetting Packing with Lateral Gas Injection

Gupta

Bhattacharyya

2003

ISIJ International

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The liquid holdup study has been carried out on a two-dimensional cold model under non-wetting condition with lateral gas injection as it is done in the blast furnace. Non-dimensional numbers for both, cold model and blast furnace have been determined. The measurements of static and dynamic liquid holdups were made under different gas and liquid flow rates using two particulate materials of various diameters. Few experiments were performed under dry and wet bed conditions to ascertain the effect of bed history. Holdups results have been compared with the existing correlations available in the open literature. It is found that existing correlations are unable to predict the correct liquid holdup under the blast furnace conditions.KEY WORDS: static liquid holdup; dynamic liquid holdup; cross and counter current flow; non-wetting; packed bed. Fig. 1. Schematic of lower part of the blast furnace.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Holdup in Non-wetting Packing with Lateral Gas Injection

Gupta

Bhattacharyya

2003

ISIJ International

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“…Using p-theorem, the correlation for the raceway diameter was obtained as Last group in the above equation can be neglected 9) as raceway formation is dominated by continuum. It has been observed theoretically 14) that in 2D cold model wall particle friction would be more dominating than inter-particle friction. Moreover, the value of f changes with the gas flowrate 20) which makes difficult to assign it single value.…”

Section: Velocity Increasing Casementioning

confidence: 96%

“…The detailed mechanism involved behind it is explained elsewhere. 3,14) However, in brief it can be said that initially, there is no raceway formation with increase in velocity since the pressure force exerted by the gas is unable to overcome the frictional forces and bed weight. Later when the velocity (or pressure force) is sufficiently high to overcome these forces, void or raceway starts forming.…”

Section: Velocity Decreasing Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,14,[21][22][23][24] It should be noted that in all figures (Figs. 4 to 7) comparison of correlation data has been done only with those experimental data which have not been used in developing the correlation.…”

Section: Velocity Decreasing Casementioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) in proper mathematical terms by other authors in detail. 14) They have clearly shown the importance of frictional forces in packed bed region. Their study was concentrated for increasing gas velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Raceway Size in Blast Furnace from Two Dimensional Experimental Correlations

2004

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It has been reported in the literature that raceway measurement made during the decreasing gas velocity is relevant to operating blast furnaces. However, no raceway correlation is available for decreasing gas velocity and none of the available correlations either in increasing or decreasing gas velocity take care of frictional properties of the material. Therefore, a systematic experimental study has been carried out on raceway hysteresis. Based on experimental data and using dimensional analysis, two raceway correlations, one each for increasing and decreasing gas velocity, have been developed. Results of these correlations have been compared with the data obtained from literature on the cold models and plant data along with some experimental data. A good agreement exists between the correlations and other data.

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Mechanical Analysis of Raceway Formation in Bulk Bed of Blast Furnace

Wang

Jiang

2017

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Importance of frictional forces on the formation of cavity in a packed bed under cross flow of gas

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Liquid Holdup in Non-wetting Packing with Lateral Gas Injection

Liquid Holdup in Non-wetting Packing with Lateral Gas Injection

Prediction of Raceway Size in Blast Furnace from Two Dimensional Experimental Correlations

Mechanical Analysis of Raceway Formation in Bulk Bed of Blast Furnace

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