Importance of gut microbiota in obesity

Cornejo‐Pareja, Isabel; Muñoz‐Garach, Araceli; Clemente‐Postigo, Mercedes; Tinahones, Francisco J.

doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0306-8

Cited by 107 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…and metabolic (Fig. 2) gene enrichment together is also in agreement with the well-established relationship between intestinal bacteria and metabolism in diverse species including fly [25][26][27][28]. As TAG levels were found altered in several of the above metabolic studies [11, [13][14][15][16][17], are associated with cold tolerance in D. melanogaster [13], and, notably, show alterations in the offspring of cold-exposed mice [9], we identified altered TAG regulation as a potential trait that might be inherited following cold exposure.…”

Section: Metabolic Alterationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Transgenerational inheritance of cold temperature response in Drosophila

2019

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Intergenerational inheritance of transcriptional responses induced by low temperature rearing has recently been shown in Drosophila. Besides germline inheritance, fecal transfer experiments indirectly suggested that the acquired microbiome may also have contributed to the transcriptional responses in offspring. Here, we analyze expression data on inheritance of the cold‐induced effects in conjunction with previously reported transcriptomic differences between flies with a microbiota or axenic flies and provide support for a contribution of the acquired microbiome to the offspring phenotype. Also, based on a similar analysis in conjunction with diet‐ and metabolism‐related fly transcriptome data, we predicted and, then, experimentally confirmed that cold regulates triglyceride levels both inter‐ as well as trans‐generationally.

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Section: Metabolic Alterationssupporting

confidence: 85%

Transgenerational inheritance of cold temperature response in Drosophila

2019

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“…Other than the BA receptors, intestinal microbiota may also play a role in the association of BA with obesity as they metabolize BA, which reciprocally affects their composition and abundance 5 . Gut microbiota composition has been closely linked to obesity and other metabolic alterations 93 . The resistance to HFD in FXR‐deficient mice is also transferable by microbiota transplantation 88 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting bile acid metabolism in obesity reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Yeung

Schooling

et al. 2020

Obesity Reviews

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A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of studies that address the association of bile acid (BA) with obesity and of studies on the effects of treatment in patients with obesity on BA metabolism, assessed from systemic BA, fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) level, and faecal BA. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 1 August 2019 using the keywords obesity, obese, body mass index, and overweight with bile acid, FGF19, FXR, and TGR5. Two reviewers independently searched, selected, and assessed the quality of studies. Data were analysed using either fixed or random effect models with inverse variance weighting. Of 3771 articles, 33 papers were relevant for the association of BA with obesity of which 22 were included in the meta-analysis, and 50 papers were relevant for the effect of obesity interventions on BA of which 20 were included in the meta-analysis. Circulating fasting total BA was not associated with obesity. FGF19 was inversely and faecal BA excretion was positively associated with obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) modulated BA metabolism, ie, increased BA and FGF19. Our results indicate that BA metabolism is altered in obesity. Certain bariatric surgeries including RYGB and SG modulate BA, whether these underlie the beneficial effect of the treatment should be investigated.

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“…FXR activation by bile acids initiates a negative feedback pathway, such that bile acid synthesis is inhibited when FXR is activated. Intestinal microbiota are capable of producing secondary bile acids from ∼5 to 10% of hepatic-derived bile acids that affect host physiology by serving as FXR agonists, thus resulting in a smaller bile acid pool due to the inhibition of primary bile acid synthesis (692,693). Subjects with obesity and/or T2DM have been shown to have fewer plasma secondary bile acids in comparison to healthy control subjects (694), an effect that may reflect the altered gut microbial composition observed in obesity.…”

Section: Bile Acid Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

Chait¹,

Hartigh²

2020

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

869

658

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Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.

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Importance of gut microbiota in obesity

Cited by 107 publications

References 93 publications

Transgenerational inheritance of cold temperature response in Drosophila

Transgenerational inheritance of cold temperature response in Drosophila

Targeting bile acid metabolism in obesity reduction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

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