Importance of Insect Pollinators for the Production in the Chestnut, Castanea Sativa

Oliveira, D. de; Gomes, André Raeli; Ilharco, F. A.; Manteigas, A.M.; Pinto, José Eduardo Brasil Pereira; Ramalho, José C.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2001.561.40

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Chestnut pollination is mainly entomophilous (Manino et al, 1991;Oliveira et al, 2001), and this species has large, sticky pollen, which may reduce gene flow among populations due to poor ability of pollen to be moved by wind (Ferrazzini et al, 2007). We thus suggest that the presumed low gene flow may lead to reduced genetic variation within populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

Díaz

Johnsen²,

Fernández-López

2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Genetic variation in freezing resistance was evaluated among and within six populations of Spanish wild chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller). The extent to which frost susceptibility was related to phenology and the relationship between population differentiation and climatic conditions was studied.• Twigs were collected in March and November from saplings (5-year-old trees) of 41 openpollinated families from the six populations in a provenance-progeny test, and were subjected to artificial freezing. Damage to each twig was assessed as visible browning of bud and of stem tissues.• Population differences as regards frost damage traits were highly significant (p < 0.01) in both spring and autumn. Family differences within populations were low, often non-significant, and in all cases smaller than differences among populations. Population means were closely correlated with the parental drought and frost conditions. Populations originating from dry areas or from regions where frost seldom occurs were the least resistant.• Drought is suggested to be the one of the most important selective agents that shapes population differentiation in Spanish wild chestnut, while frost may be more important in northern Spain. Phenological differences are not always good predictors of the degree of frost damage. Thus, freezing tests should be used to detect frost susceptibility in chestnuts.Mots-clés : châtaignier sauvage / variation génétique / test de congélation / caractéristiques phénologiques / résistance au gel Résumé -Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa.• La variation génétique de la résistance au gel a été évaluée entre et dans six populations espagnoles sauvages de châtaignier (Castanea sativa Miller). L'ampleur avec laquelle la sensibilité au gel est liée à la phénologie et aux relations entre la différenciation de la population et les conditions climatiques a été étudiée.• Des rameaux ont été recueillis en mars et novembre à partir de jeunes arbres (âgés de 5 ans) de 41 familles à pollinisation libre issues de six populations en test de descendances/provenances, et ont été soumis à une congélation artificielle. Les dommages à chaque rameau ont été évalués par le brunissement visible des bourgeons et des tissus de la tige.• Les différences entre population pour ce qui concerne les dégâts causés par le gel sont très significatifs (p < 0.01) au printemps et en automne. Les différences entre familles dans les populations sont faibles, souvent non significatives, et dans tous les cas plus petites que les différences parmi les populations. Les moyennes des populations sont étroitement corrélées avec les conditions de séche-resse et de gel auxquelles sont soumis les parents.Les populations originaires des régions sèches ou de régions où le gel se produit rarement sont les moins résistantes.• On suggère que la sécheresse est l'un des plus importants agents sélectifs qui forme la différencia-tion dans la population espagnole de chât...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

Díaz

Johnsen²,

Fernández-López

2009

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…However described patterns of variation for the North of Spain, with specific adaptations due to natural selection and evidence of low or absent gene flow, are typical of ecotypic variation or small disjointed populations (Eriksson and Ekberg, 2001). Differentiation patterns within the Northern area indicates some restriction of gene flow, typical of an entomogamous species, as was determined by (Manino et al, (1991) and Oliveira et al (2001). The differentiation between populations 7 versus 8, and of 1 versus 2, could be explained by different selection pressures and a low or absent gene flow.…”

Section: Differentiation Among Populationsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Higher geographic differentiation is expected if entomophyllous pollination is preponderant as it was demonstrated recently (Manino et al, 1991;Oliveira et al, 2001). However, considering that the actual distribution area of chestnut is in part the result of expansion by man, the phenotypic plasticity, more than adaptation, could explain its potential for occupying new areas.…”

Section: Resumen Diferenciación Geográfica De Poblaciones Españolas Smentioning

confidence: 89%

Geographic differentiation in adaptive traits of wild chestnut Spanish populations (Castanea sativa Miller)

et al. 2005

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Flushing, spring frost damages and height were recorded in a provenance test including nineteen populations covering most Spanish chestnut distribution and were analysed to study the differentiation among wild populations. There was remarkable differentiation among populations in flushing time and height growth and Qst was higher for flushing and frost damage, and lower for height. The coefficients of quantitative differentiation among populations were similar to the values obtained for other autochthonous species. Spanish chestnut wild populations were classified in three groups: early flushing xeric populations from the Mediterranean, late flushing populations from northern mountains and intermediate flushing populations from Galician coast and Canary Islands. The observation of variability patterns indicated the importance of natural selection and a restricted gene flow as factors shaping the structure of wild populations in Spain. The use of local sources in plantations was recommended.

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“…Multiple female flowers are present at the bases of the bisexual catkins. Only the male flowers produce nectar [ 48 ], but the female flowers typically require pollinators for seed production [ 49 ]. Each female flower develops into a single cupule after pollination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Pollen-Donor Composition among Pollinators in an Entomophilous Tree Species, Castanea crenata, Revealed by Single-Pollen Genotyping

2015

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BackgroundIn plants, reproductive success is largely determined by the composition of pollen (i.e., self-pollen and outcross-pollen from near and distant pollen-donors) transported as a result of pollinator foraging behavior (e.g., pollen carryover). However, little evidence is available on how and to what extent the pollen carryover affects the pollen-donor composition and on which insect taxa are effective outcross-pollen transporters under field conditions. In this study, we explored roles of foraging behavior of insect pollinators on pollen-donor composition and subsequent reproductive success in a woody plant.MethodsWe performed paternity analyses based on microsatellite genotyping of individual pollen grains found on diurnal pollinators (i.e., bumblebee, small bee, fly, small beetle, and honeybee) visiting Castanea crenata trees.ResultsThe outcross-pollen rate was highest in bumblebees (66%), followed by small bees (35%), flies (31%), and small beetles (18%). The effective number of pollen donors, representing pollen carryover, was greater in bumblebees (9.71) than in flies (3.40), small bees (3.32), and small beetles (3.06). The high percentages of pollen from outside the plot on bumblebees (65.4%) and flies (71.2%) compared to small bees (35.3%) and small beetles (13.5%) demonstrated their longer pollen dispersal distances.ConclusionsAll of the diurnal insects carried outcross-pollen grains for long distances via pollen carryover. This fact suggests that a wide range of insect taxa are potential outcross-pollen transporters for the self-incompatible C. crenata.

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Importance of Insect Pollinators for the Production in the Chestnut, Castanea Sativa

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

Variation de la résistance au gel au printemps et en automne entre et dans les populations espagnoles sauvages de Castanea sativa

Geographic differentiation in adaptive traits of wild chestnut Spanish populations (Castanea sativa Miller)

Variation in Pollen-Donor Composition among Pollinators in an Entomophilous Tree Species, Castanea crenata, Revealed by Single-Pollen Genotyping

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