Important Implications of the Electrochemical Reduction of ITO

Liu, Liang; Yellinek, Shai; Valdinger, Ido; Donval, Ariela; Mandler, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.129

Cited by 84 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As the negative limit was pushed to -1000 mV (red scan), The oxidation peak positive of -650 mV, for In oxidation, grew dramatically. No reduction and re-oxidation peak of Sn was observed, consistent with the literature38 . To minimize changes in the ITO, a reduction potential of -900 mV was chosen so as to result in only surface modification.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…After the seminal paper 35 that demonstrated the influence of applied potential on the composition of indium oxide was published, the electrochemical reduction of ITO has been studied with different electrolytes at different pHs 16,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] ; most of the studies focused on the electrochemical stability of ITO, rather than the influence of surface modifications. In 2014, Switzer et al, successfully deposited Ge wires by first reducing ITO to form In metal that acted as reduction sites for Ge (IV) 46 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

Shen

Zhang

Mubeen

et al. 2019

Electrochimica Acta

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Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a preferred heterojunction partner for a number of chalcogenide-based solar cells. In view of this, interest has grown in the use of solution-based deposition techniques as an alternative route for the preparation of uniform ultrathin films of CdS. However, the quality of the electrodeposited CdS films on indium-tin oxide (ITO) remains far from optimal. This is because the ITO surface is electrochemically heterogeneous due to the presence of indium oxide; nucleation and further electrodeposition of CdS does not transpire on the oxided sites. Hence, only coarse-grained coatings, instead of homogeneous ultrathin films, are generated at un-pretreated ITO surfaces. In the present study, a mitigation of the amount of interfacial In oxide was attempted in order to increase the nucleation-site (indium-metal site) density. The procedure consisted of two steps: (i) Mild electrochemical reduction of the ITO to convert surface In(III) to In(0), followed by (ii) surface-limited redox replacement (SLRR) of In(0) by Cu via an aqueous solution of Cu 2+. This procedure resulted in the formation of a high density of oxide-free Cu on which CdS nuclei would form; the thickness was such that optical transparency was largely undiminished. A tenfold increase in CdS site density was observed, and that permitted the epitaxial growth of a second semiconductor, CdTe, atop the CdS film. The influences of applied potential and deposition time on nucleation-site sizes and densities were also studied.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

Shen

Zhang

Mubeen

et al. 2019

Electrochimica Acta

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“…We assume that this arises not from the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) as often assumed but from the reductive coloration of the underlying ITO substrate, a phenomenon that was recently ascribed to the reductive formation of metallic nanoparticles of indium and tin at the ITO surface and which strongly depends on the electrolyte composition and pH. 37,38 Control CV experiments were thus performed at bare ITO electrodes under the same experimental conditions as those for GLAD-TiO 2 electrodes, and the same increases in current and absorbance were observed at potentials more negative than −1.0 V (not shown).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidencing Fast, Massive, and Reversible H⁺ Insertion in Nanostructured TiO₂ Electrodes at Neutral pH. Where Do Protons Come From?

et al. 2017

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Ongoing developments of sustainable energy technologies based on high-surface-area semiconductive metal oxide electrodes operating under mild and safe aqueous conditions require deep understanding of proton and electron transfer/transport throughout their porous structure. To address this issue, we investigated the electrochemical reductive protonation of high surface area nanostructured amorphous TiO 2 electrodes (produced by glancing angle deposition) in both buffered and unbuffered aqueous solutions. Quantitative analysis of the two charge storage mechanisms was achieved, allowing proper deconvolution of the electrical double-layer capacitive charge storage from the reversible faradaic one resulting from the proton-coupled reduction of bulk TiO 2. We evidence that this latter process occurs reversibly and extensively (up to an intercalation ratio of 20%) not only under strongly acidic pH conditions but also, more interestingly, under neutral pH with the intercalated proton arising from the buffer rather than water. Moreover, we show that in comparison with reductive Li + intercalation the proton-coupled electron charge storage occurs more rapidly (in a few seconds). This important finding suggests that a high-rate and high-power charge storage device could potentially be achieved with the reversible H +-coupled charge/discharge process in TiO 2 at neutral pH, opening thus new opportunities to the development of eco-friendly batteries for electrical energy storage.

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“…Thus, understanding the ITO interface is an important issue. In this context, the cathodic and anodic corrosion of ITO electrode has been reported1516171819. For example in acidic media, the cathodic polarization of ITO conduces to the formation of metallic particles (In-Sn) onto the surface1516.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

Bouden

Dahi

Hauquier

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The indium tin oxide (ITO) material has been widely used in various scientific fields and has been successfully implemented in several devices. Herein, the electrochemical reduction of ITO electrode in an organic electrolytic solution containing alkali metal, NaI, or redox molecule, N-(ferrocenylmethyl) imidazolium iodide, was investigated. The reduced ITO surfaces were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and grazing incident XRD demonstrating the presence of the electrolyte cation inside the material. Reversibility of this process after re-oxidation was evidenced by XPS. Using a redox molecule based ionic liquid as supporting electrolyte leads to fellow electrochemically the intercalation process. As a result, modified ITO containing ferrocenyl imidazolium was easily generated. This reduction process occurs at mild reducing potential around −1.8 V and causes for higher reducing potential a drastic morphological change accompanied with a decrease of the electrode conductivity at the macroscopic scale. Finally, the self-reducing power of the reduced ITO phase was used to initiate the spontaneous reduction of silver ions leading to the growth of Ag nanoparticles. As a result, transparent and multifunctional active ITO surfaces were generated bearing redox active molecules inside the material and Ag nanoparticles onto the surface.

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Important Implications of the Electrochemical Reduction of ITO

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

Evidencing Fast, Massive, and Reversible H⁺ Insertion in Nanostructured TiO₂ Electrodes at Neutral pH. Where Do Protons Come From?

Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

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Important Implications of the Electrochemical Reduction of ITO

Cited by 84 publications

References 33 publications

Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

Optimization of the nucleation-site density for the electrodeposition of cadmium sulfide on indium-tin-oxide

Evidencing Fast, Massive, and Reversible H+ Insertion in Nanostructured TiO2 Electrodes at Neutral pH. Where Do Protons Come From?

Multifunctional Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Generated by Unusual Surface Modification

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Product

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Evidencing Fast, Massive, and Reversible H⁺ Insertion in Nanostructured TiO₂ Electrodes at Neutral pH. Where Do Protons Come From?