“…Several VRPSPD procedures proposed to minimize costs include Simulated Annealing (SA) [22], Discrete firefly algorithm [23], variable neighborhood descent and local search [24], adaptive local search integrated with tabu search [25], iterated local search, and adaptive neighborhood selection [26], and branch and cut algorithm [27]. Several other algorithms were also developed to minimize the cost of VRPSPD distribution, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) [28], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [29], hybrid chaotic quantum evolutionary algorithm [30], hybrid ant colony optimization (ACO) and tabu search [31], ACO [32], differential evolution algorithm [33], and improve ACO [34]. Several previous studies have a function and objective to minimize distribution costs.…”