Improved clay ceramics incorporated with steelmaking sinter particulates

Recycling of Steel-Making Plant Waste into Heavy Clay Ceramic- Industrial Test

“…While the bricks with residue have water absorption values of 0.6% above the maximum value and about 5.6% above the average value obtained for the bricks without residue. In the laboratory test [8], the results were the opposite, that is, the products with 10% of residue, burned at 850 o C presented a water absorption value 6.1% lower than the products without incorporated residue. The explanation for this result may be the variation of the processing parameters of the industrial test, especially the water of conformation.…”

“…The diffraction peaks are mainly associated with calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, calcium sulfate hydrate and magnesium sulfate. Lower intensity of diffraction peaks may be associated with chlorides, as indicated in the chemical composition of the residue [8]. Among these salts, the most likely to form efflorescence are alkaline-earth sulphates, more specifically calcium and magnesium [19].…”

Firing Behavior of the Clay Fraction of a Natural Kaolinitic Clay: Are They Different?

“…Clays are among the most widely investigated materials due to their extensive use, which covers from nuclear applications 1 to conventional ceramics for construction [2][3][4] . A natural clay is composed of minerals that have layer silicates as its main constituents 5 .…”

“…are denoted as the silt fraction and with the ϕ > 20 µm corner, as sand fraction. The smaller particles at the ϕ < 2 µm corner are mostly plate-shaped clay minerals such as layer silicates as well as hydroxides that have secondary origin 1,2 . A natural clay normally consists of distinct minerals with different particle sizes associated with size ranges corresponding to a specific position within the granulometric diagram.…”