In this study, a
simple and facile approach was proposed to synthesize silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) loaded cation-exchange membranes (CEMs). A wide analytical
study involving scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction,
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was accomplished to corroborate
that the in situ generated AgNPs were uniformly dispersed in the polymer
matrix. In addition, as a result of the proposed synthesis strategy,
the cross-linking structure inside the membrane was formed. The proper
particle size and dispersibility of the AgNPs improved the mechanical
properties of the membranes. Besides, the optimal AgNP-loaded CEM
exhibited excellent bacterial killing activities against Gram-negative
bacteria and showed a controlled improvement in the electrochemical
performance of the prepared membranes. These effects were caused by
the obtained distribution of AgNPs near ion-exchange groups that increased
the aggregation of water molecules around them, improving the efficiency
of ion transport due the formation of array broad ion-transport channels.
The optimized CEM [sulfonated polysulfone (60SPSF)-C3#-Ag-2] exhibited
an enhanced NaCl removal ratio of 67.5% with a high current efficiency
(96.9%) and a low energy consumption (5.84 kWh kg–1). The distance of the inhibition zone from the boundary of the membrane
of SPSF-C3#-Ag-2 reached 4.8 mm. These results led us to suggest that
the proposed synthesis strategy may have potential applications in
the field of antibacterial and desalting ion-exchange membranes.