Improved durability of iridium oxide coated titanium anode with interlayers for oxygen evolution at high current densities

Kamegaya, Yoichi; Sasaki, Kento; Oguri, Masayuki; Asaki, T.; Kobayashi, Haruo; Mitamura, Takashi

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(94)00339-3

Cited by 52 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Platinum, however, requires a higher overpotential (lower efficiency) and ruthenium has durability (dissolution) concerns. [6][7][8] Efforts to develop improved OER catalysts for acidic electrolyzers typically focus on supporting Ir oxide on titania [9][10][11][12][13] or alloying Ir with platinum, ruthenium, or other transition metal oxides [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] to improve durability and performance. Density functional theory studies have correlated trends in the OER activity of metal oxides to the adsorption energies of surface oxygen species, suggesting future directions for improving OER catalysts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and Durability of Iridium Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Alia

Rasimick

Ngo

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

179

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unsupported iridium (Ir) nanoparticles, that serve as standard oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts in acidic electrolyzers, were investigated for electrochemical performance and durability in rotating disk electrode (RDE) half-cells. Fixed potential holds and potential cycling were applied to probe the durability of Ir nanoparticles, and performance losses were found to be driven by particle growth (coarsening) at moderate potential (1.4 to 1.6 V) and Ir dissolution at higher potential (≥1.8 V Hydrogen is a major commodity chemical with approximately 2% of U. S. used energy going through a hydrogen pathway, primarily for ammonia production (agriculture) and the upgrading of crude oil (transportation). The majority of hydrogen in the US is produced from natural gas by steam methane reformation.1 While electrochemical water splitting currently represents a small percentage of hydrogen production, it is expected to have a growing role as costs decrease. 2Although the commercial competitiveness of electrolysis is currently limited by feedstock costs, catalyst cost and durability will become increasingly important as electrolyzers move toward low cost, intermittent, renewable sources of electricity such as wind and solar. 3,4 Acidic electrolyzers typically use iridium (Ir) in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as this material exhibits both reasonable activity and stability.5 Platinum and ruthenium have also been investigated as alternatives. Platinum, however, requires a higher overpotential (lower efficiency) and ruthenium has durability (dissolution) concerns. [6][7][8] Efforts to develop improved OER catalysts for acidic electrolyzers typically focus on supporting Ir oxide on titania 9-13 or alloying Ir with platinum, ruthenium, or other transition metal oxides [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] to improve durability and performance. Density functional theory studies have correlated trends in the OER activity of metal oxides to the adsorption energies of surface oxygen species, suggesting future directions for improving OER catalysts.24 Strasser et al. also examined the intrinsic activity of Ir, platinum, and ruthenium polycrystalline metals and nanoparticles in rotating disk electrode (RDE) half-cells, using carbon monoxide to determine catalyst surface areas.6 Efforts exploring OER catalysts, however, pale in comparison to the efforts expended in the pursuit of fuel cell catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Specifically, the fuel cell community has established baselines and protocols for the performance and durability of ORR catalysts. [25][26][27][28] No such protocols or baselines currently exist for OER catalysts.This study presents data from several different commercial suppliers of unsupported and supported Ir and Ir oxide catalysts, and investigates the intrinsic activity of Ir in RDE half-cells, evaluating both performance and durability while presenting the data under standardized conditions. The modes of losses for Ir nanoparticles under specific testing protocols are present...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity and Durability of Iridium Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Alia

Rasimick

Ngo

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

179

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sustainable Syst. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Carbon nanotube synthesis by electrolysis of carbon dioxide in molten carbonate is readily scalable, and scales upward linearly with the surface area of the electrolysis electrodes, [29,39] facilitating the analogous larger scale synthesis of carbon nanoonions. [1,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] However, an iridium or iridium alloy anode is not a prerequisite for high yield CNO growth.…”

Section: Wwwadvsustainsyscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO₂ by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

Liu

Ren

Licht

et al. 2019

Advanced Sustainable Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A high yield, low energy synthesis of carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) by electrolysis of CO2 in molten carbonate is presented. Carbon nano‐onions are a recently recognized, less studied morphology of carbon nanomaterials consisting of nested concentric carbon spheroids. Previously, a high yield growth of carbon nanotubes by CO2 electrolysis in molten carbonate was achieved through transition metal nucleation points on the electrolysis cathode. Here, effective low energy CNO synthesis from CO2 is achieved instead by excluding those nucleating agents from the molten carbonate growth medium resulting in a profusion of uniform CNOs, with an increasing diameter correlated to increasing growth time. CO2 transformation to valuable materials, such as CNOs, adds value to CO2 to incentivize consumption of this greenhouse pollutant. For example, CNOs are currently valued 20 000 times higher than coal.

show abstract

“…It consisted of a mixture of TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , and TiO from substrate oxidation, even rutile TiO 2 from TiH 2 oxidation, which could protect substrate from corrosion [21]. As for a traditional Ti/IrO 2 anode, IrO 2 and TiO 2 had the same rutile structure, and approximate lattice constant (IrO 2 , a = b, 0.4498 nm; c, 0.3154 nm; TiO 2 , a = b, 0.4592 nm; c, 0.2958 nm); thus a coherent IrO 2 -TiO 2 structure might be formed between thin titanium oxide layer and IrO 2 layer, and the multilayer was ultimately strengthened.…”

Section: Accelerated Life Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22]. The interlayer can prevent or delay the oxygen atom or molecule penetrating into the titanium substrate, and consequently protect the substrate from corrosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel IrO2 electrode with iridium–titanium oxide interlayers from a mixture of TiN nanoparticle and H2IrCl6 solution

et al. 2009

J Appl Electrochem

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel IrO 2 anode on titanium substrate with iridium-titanium oxide interlayer (Ti/IrO x -TiO 2 /IrO 2 ) was prepared and investigated for oxygen evolution. IrO x -TiO 2 interlayer was coated on titanium substrate by impregnation-thermal decomposition method from a mixture of TiN nanoparticles and H 2 IrCl 6 solution at 500°C. The results showed that the service life of Ti/IrO x -TiO 2 /IrO 2 was a factor of six times longer than that of Ti/IrO 2 , which was attributed to the IrO x -TiO 2 interlayer, it could form a metastable solid solution between IrO x and thin titanium oxide layer on titanium substrate during calcination. The interlayer contributed to the decrease in migration rate of oxygen atom or molecule toward substrate and the increase in bonding force among IrO 2 layer, interlayer, and substrate. Therefore, besides keeping high electrocatalytic activity, the service life of Ti/IrO x -TiO 2 /IrO 2 electrode was greatly improved, and its overall electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution was increased as well.

show abstract

Improved durability of iridium oxide coated titanium anode with interlayers for oxygen evolution at high current densities

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Activity and Durability of Iridium Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Activity and Durability of Iridium Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO₂ by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

A novel IrO2 electrode with iridium–titanium oxide interlayers from a mixture of TiN nanoparticle and H2IrCl6 solution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Improved durability of iridium oxide coated titanium anode with interlayers for oxygen evolution at high current densities

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Activity and Durability of Iridium Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Activity and Durability of Iridium Nanoparticles in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO2 by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation

A novel IrO2 electrode with iridium–titanium oxide interlayers from a mixture of TiN nanoparticle and H2IrCl6 solution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Carbon Nano‐Onions Made Directly from CO₂ by Molten Electrolysis for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation