Improved field emission properties of carbon nanotubes grown on stainless steel substrate and its application in ionization gauge

Li, Detian; Cheng, Yongjun; Wang, Yongjun; Zhang, Huzhong; Dong, Changkun; Li, Da

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.01.011

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, conventional ionization gauges have long-standing intractable problems when measuring extremely low pressure, i.e., X-ray effects, electron-stimulated desorption effects, and outgassing effects [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. Fortunately, recent studies [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] have shown that ionization gauges with carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes have unique advantages, such as low power consumption for electron emissions, fast responses, free from visible to infrared light radiation and thermal radiation, etc., in extremely low pressure measurements, which are largely due to the application of the novel CNT field emission cathode. For instance, Murakami et al [ 9 ] reported the application of a CNT field emission cathode in a Bayard–Alpert gauge (BAG) for the first time in 2001, and the lower limit of pressure measurement by this novel sensor was approximately 1 × 10 −4 Pa. Dong et al [ 8 ] reported on the design and investigation of a commercial extractor gauge (Leybold, IE 514) with a CNT cathode, which showed excellent measurement linearity from 10 −10 to 10 −6 Torr in nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cylindrical Triode Ultrahigh Vacuum Ionization Gauge with a Carbon Nanotube Cathode

Zhang

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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In this study, a cylindrical triode ultrahigh vacuum ionization gauge with a screen-printed carbon nanotube (CNT) electron source was developed, and its metrological performance in different gases was systematically investigated using an ultrahigh vacuum system. The resulting ionization gauge with a CNT cathode responded linearly to nitrogen, argon, and air pressures in the range from ~4.0 ± 1.0 × 10−7 to 6 × 10−4 Pa, which is the first reported CNT emitter-based ionization gauge whose lower limit of pressure measurement is lower than its hot cathode counterpart. In addition, the sensitivities of this novel gauge were ~0.05 Pa−1 for nitrogen, ~0.06 Pa−1 for argon, and ~0.04 Pa−1 for air, respectively. The trend of sensitivity with anode voltage, obtained by the experimental method, was roughly consistent with that gained through theoretical simulation. The advantages of the present sensor (including low power consumption for electron emissions, invisible to infrared light radiation and thermal radiation, high stability, etc.) mean that it has potential applications in space exploration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cylindrical Triode Ultrahigh Vacuum Ionization Gauge with a Carbon Nanotube Cathode

Zhang

Zhang²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…Modifying the synthesis conditions allows tuning of the geometry, alignment, density, and structure of CNTs, which offers control over their mechanical performance [5,6,7,8,9,10]. CNT forests grown directly on metal substrates, and specifically on steels, are particularly interesting because they offer a conformal coating solution, which is independent from the substrate’s geometry [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. Direct growth avoids the need for intermediate adhesive layers, thus enabling a robust contact interface between the CNTs and the metal [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most literature on CNTs grown on metallic substrates, either in the form of aligned forests or non-aligned CNTs, focuses on the synthesis methods [11,15,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,37]. Few reports characterize the super-hydrophobicity of CNTs [33,34,35], their corrosion resistance [33,38], field-emission properties [27,32], and electrochemical performance as capacitors [12,26,28]. The mechanical response of CNT forests grown on metallic substrates, like their behavior under compression or impact, as well as their adhesion to the substrate, have not yet been thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forests Grown on Stainless Steel Surfaces

et al. 2019

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Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests are a particularly interesting class of nanomaterials, because they combine multifunctional properties, such as high energy absorption, compressive strength, recoverability, and super-hydrophobicity with light weight. These characteristics make them suitable for application as coating, protective layers, and antifouling substrates for metallic pipelines and blades. Direct growth of CNT forests on metals offers the possibility of transferring the tunable CNT functionalities directly onto the desired substrates. Here, we focus on characterizing the structure and mechanical properties, as well as wettability and adhesion, of CNT forests grown on different types of stainless steel. We investigate the correlations between composition and morphology of the steel substrates with the micro-structure of the CNTs and reveal how the latter ultimately controls the mechanical and wetting properties of the CNT forest. Additionally, we study the influence of substrate morphology on the adhesion of CNTs to their substrate. We highlight that the same structure-property relationships govern the mechanical performance of CNT forests grown on steels and on Si.

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“…The CNT field emitter is commonly grown on a rigid semiconducting and insulating substrate, such as silicon or glass, to facilitate the formation of uniform nanoscale catalyst particles necessary for the assisted-growth of CNTs [ 5 ]. However, due to the relatively low electrical conductivity of the interface between the CNT emitter and aforementioned substrates, emitters grown in such manner have high turn on and unstable field emission [ 6 ]. Li et al synthesized CNTs on a metal alloy substrate by coating its surface with Ni before synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters Synthesized on Metal Alloy Substrate by PECVD for Customized Compact Field Emission Devices to Be Used in X-Ray Source Applications

et al. 2018

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In this study, a simple, efficient, and economical process is reported for the direct synthesis of carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters on metal alloy. Given that CNT field emitters can be customized with ease for compact and cold field emission devices, they are promising replacements for thermionic emitters in widely accessible X-ray source electron guns. High performance CNT emitter samples were prepared in optimized plasma conditions through the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process and subsequently characterized by using a scanning electron microscope, tunneling electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. For the cathode current, field emission (FE) characteristics with respective turn on (1 μA/cm2) and threshold (1 mA/cm2) field of 2.84 and 4.05 V/μm were obtained. For a field of 5.24 V/μm, maximum current density of 7 mA/cm2 was achieved and a field enhancement factor β of 2838 was calculated. In addition, the CNT emitters sustained a current density of 6.7 mA/cm2 for 420 min under a field of 5.2 V/μm, confirming good operational stability. Finally, an X-ray generated image of an integrated circuit was taken using the compact field emission device developed herein.

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Improved field emission properties of carbon nanotubes grown on stainless steel substrate and its application in ionization gauge

Cited by 32 publications

References 63 publications

A Cylindrical Triode Ultrahigh Vacuum Ionization Gauge with a Carbon Nanotube Cathode

A Cylindrical Triode Ultrahigh Vacuum Ionization Gauge with a Carbon Nanotube Cathode

Characterization of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forests Grown on Stainless Steel Surfaces

Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters Synthesized on Metal Alloy Substrate by PECVD for Customized Compact Field Emission Devices to Be Used in X-Ray Source Applications

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