Improved fuzzy c-means algorithm based on a novel mechanism for the formation of balanced clusters in WSNs

Abstract

The clustering approach is considered as a vital method for many fields such as machine learning, pattern recognition, image processing, information retrieval, data compression, computer graphics, and others. Similarly, it has great significance in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by organizing the sensor nodes into specific clusters. Consequently, saving energy and prolonging network lifetime, which is totally dependent on the sensor's battery, that is considered as a major challenge in the WSNs. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is one of classification algorithm, which is widely used in literature for this purpose in WSNs. However, according to the nature of random nodes deployment manner, on certain occasions, this situation forces this algorithm to produce unbalanced clusters, which adversely affects the lifetime of the network. To overcome this problem, a new clustering method called FCM-CM has been proposed by improving the FCM algorithm to form balanced clusters for random nodes deployment. The improvement is conducted by integrating the FCM with a centralized mechanism (CM). The proposed method will be evaluated based on four new parameters. Simulation result shows that our proposed algorithm is more superior to FCM by producing balanced clusters in addition to increasing the balancing of the intra-distances of the clusters, which leads to energy conservation and prolonging network lifespan.

Machine learning‐based clustering protocols for Internet of Things networks: An overview

“…Moreover, secure data transmission was provided using elliptic curve encryption (ECC). A novel clustering approach based on FCM along with a centralized mechanism called FCM‐CM was suggested in Hassan et al 121 for IoS by enhancing the FCM algorithm to construct balanced clusters for the randomly deployed sensor nodes. The integration of FCM with a centralized system is used to enhance the unbalanced clusters.…”

“…[101][102][103][105][106][107][108][112][113][114]118,123,124110,111,115 In terms of distribution, previous works 102,103,106 are effective. Previous studies 111,112,118,121 provide load-balancing. Works in the literature 105,112 are effective for delay optimization.…”

Energy efficient with prolonging lifetime in homogeneous wireless sensor networks

“…28, No. 2, November 2022: 801-809 802 detectors has allowed a wide range of nodes to be developed [7], [8]. WSN has features which distinguish it from other network types.…”