Improved immobilization of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus on a new chitosan-based heterofunctional support: Mixed ion exchange plus hydrophobic interactions

Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization

“…One alternative is to use ionic polymers to achieve physical intermolecular crosslinking, 257 or the use of ionic/hydrophobic groups to immobilize in a mixed way the enzyme molecules. [258][259][260] These strategies make enzyme release more difficult (while not fully preventing it), are simpler and do not preclude the reversibility of the enzyme immobilization, allowing supports to be reused.…”

Synthesis of two novel bio-based hydrogels using sodium alginate and chitosan and their proficiency in physical immobilization of enzymes

“…Among all natural polysaccharides studied for the synthesis of hydrogels, alginate and chitosan have been extensively investigated to prepare carriers with various applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and enzyme immobilization 14 – 18 . Chitosan (CH) is a cationic and hydrophilic bio-polymer typically obtained from alkaline hydrolysis of chitin (an amino polysaccharide extracted from the exoskeleton of crustaceans) 19 – 21 . Sodium alginate (SA) as anionic polysaccharide is derived from alginic acid which is obtained using alkaline treatment of brown marine algae 22 – 24 .…”

Effect of Different TiO2 Morphologies on the Activity of Immobilized Lipase for Biodiesel Production

“…Enzymes play an effective role in industrial biotechnology and microbiology. Lipase is one of the most important enzymatic catalysts because it has applications in several areas, such as in the food industry, wastewater treatment, textiles, leather, cosmetics, biofuels, emulsifiers, flavors, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and enzymology, as well as in the synthesis of many organic and lipophilic antioxidants. , …”

“…Lipase is one of the most important enzymatic catalysts because it has applications in several areas, such as in the food industry, wastewater treatment, textiles, leather, cosmetics, biofuels, emulsifiers, flavors, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and enzymology, as well as in the synthesis of many organic and lipophilic antioxidants. 3,4 Lipase is part of the hydrolases family, which can be defined as a triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase that acts on carboxylic ester bonds. 5 Lipase can be obtained from plants, animals, and microorganisms such as Aspergillus niger.…”

“…The most common and preferred technique in lipase immobilization is physical adsorption on various supports via interfacial activation (hydrophobic interaction) because of the low cost and the ease and simplicity of the technique without a need to activate the support. 1,3 The support should be chemically, mechanically, and thermally stable; insoluble in the solution involved in the technique; cheap; and compatible with the enzyme to be immobilized. 8 Recently, great achievements have been noticed at the synergistic action of biotechnology with nanotechnology by applying modern nanoparticles as a support in the immobilization process.…”