Improved microscopy diagnosis of pulmonary teberculosis using sodium hypochlorite concentration technique in Tanga, Tanzania

Makunde, Williams H.; Makunde, RA; Kamugisha, LM; Mgema, S.; Liwa, Anthony Cuthbert

doi:10.4314/thrb.v9i2.14309

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Only 10% of the cases were known HIV positive. 17 .In the overall study significant positivity was observed after bleach concentration when compared to direct staining.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Bleached smear microscopy provides higher yield in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis

Kandati

Boorsu²,

Pathalapati

et al. 2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…Only 10% of the cases were known HIV positive. 17 .In the overall study significant positivity was observed after bleach concentration when compared to direct staining.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Bleached smear microscopy provides higher yield in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis

Kandati

Boorsu²,

Pathalapati

et al. 2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…2007 from Tanzania has reported an increase of 15.6% in smear positivity by this concentration method as compared to routine method. [8]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased sensitivity of sputum microscopy with sodium hypochlorite concentration technique: A practical experience at RNTCP center

2011

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Background:In revised national tuberculosis control program (RNTCP), microscopic examination of sputum for AFB plays an important role in the initial diagnosis of tuberculosis. Bacillary concentration after decontamination and liquefaction by 5% sodium hypochlorite is useful in providing increased sensitivity and safety for handling of specimen.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional, prospective study, carried out at NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and RC, Nagpur, patients were included according to RNTCP criteria. One set of smears was made according to the RNTCP guidelines while another set was prepared by concentration after decontamination with 5% sodium hypochlorite. Both set of smears were stained according to RNTCP method and were screened by two observers separately to remove observer’s bias and graded according to the RNTCP guidelines. A total of 591 sputum samples from 219 patients were included in the study with 168 males (76.71%) and 51 females (23.28%).Results:A total of 77 samples (13.02%) from 34 patients were positive by routine method whereas by concentration method 119 samples (20.13%) from 49 patients were found positive diagnosing 15 additional patients. This rise of 7.11% in sputum positivity over routine is highly significant (P=0.001021, χ2=10.78) with 44.11% increase in diagnosed cases.Conclusion:There is a statistically significant rise in smear positive cases after concentration with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Considering its low cost, decontaminating and liquefaction properties with better sensitivity, this method is safe and can be of vital importance; at least for smear negative cases.

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“…The proportion of smear positivity in a population depends on the prevalence of TB, accessibility of the health services, selection criteria for the patients to be screened and the quality of the test execution (Harries et al. 1997; Makunde et al. 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of cough, TB suspects’ characteristics and service factors determine the yield of smear microscopy

Otero

Ugaz

Dieltiens

et al. 2010

Tropical Medicine &Amp; International Health

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Summaryobjective To determine the efficiency of routine tuberculosis (TB) case detection by examining sputum smear positivity for acid-fast bacilli in relation to duration of cough, characteristics of TB suspects examined and health service factors.method We combined patient interviews with routine data from laboratory registers in 6 health care facilities in San Juan de Lurigancho district, Lima, Peru. A TB case was defined as a TB suspect with at least one positive sputum smear. We calculated adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for the association between smear positivity and health service and patient's characteristics.results Smear positivity was 7.3% (321 ⁄ 4376). Of the 4376 adults submitting sputa, 55.3% (2418) reported cough for <14 days. In this group, smear microscopy yielded 3.2% (78 ⁄ 2418) positive results vs. 12.4% (243 ⁄ 1958) in patients coughing for 14 or more days. Having cough for >2 weeks, being referred by health care staff, attending a secondary-level health care facility, male sex and age between 15 and 44 years were independent determinants of smear positivity.conclusions Routine case detection yields a low proportion of smear-positive cases because of the inclusion of a high proportion of patients without cough or coughing for <2 weeks. Adherence to the national TB control programme guidelines on the selection of TB suspects would have a positive impact on the smear positivity rate, reduce laboratory costs and workload and possibly improve the reading quality of smear microscopy.

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Improved microscopy diagnosis of pulmonary teberculosis using sodium hypochlorite concentration technique in Tanga, Tanzania

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Bleached smear microscopy provides higher yield in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis

Bleached smear microscopy provides higher yield in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis

Increased sensitivity of sputum microscopy with sodium hypochlorite concentration technique: A practical experience at RNTCP center

Duration of cough, TB suspects’ characteristics and service factors determine the yield of smear microscopy

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