Improved osseointegration of dental titanium implants by TiO2 nanotube arrays with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: a pilot in vivo study

Abstract

TiO 2 nanotube arrays on the surface of dental implants were fabricated by two-step anodic oxidation. Their effects on bone-implant contact were researched by a pilot in vivo study. The implants were classified into four groups. An implant group with TiO 2 nanotube arrays and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) was compared with various surface implants, including machined surface, sandblasted large-grit and acid-etched surface, and TiO 2 nanotube array surface groups. The diameter of the TiO 2 nanotube window and TiO 2 nanotube were ~70 nm and ~110 nm, respectively. The rhBMP-2 was loaded into TiO 2 nanotube arrays and elution was detected by an interferometric biosensing method. A change in optical thickness of ~75 nm was measured by flow cell testing for 9 days, indicating elution of rhBMP-2 from the TiO 2 nanotube arrays. For the in vivo study, the four groups of implants were placed into the proximal tibia of New Zealand White rabbits. In the implant group with TiO 2 nanotube arrays and rhBMP-2, the bone-to-implant contact ratio was 29.5% and the bone volume ratio was 77.3%. Bone remodeling was observed not only in the periosteum but also in the interface between the bone and implant threads. These values were higher than in the machined surface, sandblasted large-grit and acid-etched surface, and TiO 2 nanotube array surface groups. Our results suggest that TiO 2 nanotube arrays could potentially be used as a reservoir for rhBMP-2 to reinforce osseointegration on the surface of dental implants.

A review of the surface modifications of titanium alloys for biomedical applications

“…2 Hence, many studies tried to optimize dental and orthopedic implants by the modification of surface chemistry and surface topography by using many methods such as sandblasting, acid etching, electrochemical machining and anodizing to improve the aesthetic appearance. 9 However, the surface engineering of titanium improves the aesthetic appearance of the implant, the biocompatibility of the implant, the corrosion resistance, the fatigue life of the implant and to reduce the friction between the implant and abutments. The surface modification is also used to help osseointegration, a faster healing time, improved bone implantation contact and the life expectancy of titanium implants.…”

Establishment of perpendicular protrusion of type I collagen on TiO2 nanotube surface as a priming site of peri-implant connective fibers

“…Titanium oxide nanotubes (TNT), in particular, have become increasingly popular due to the simplicity and low cost to fabricate this surface [20–23]. Multiple studies have employed TNT as a scaffold for the delivery of bioactive molecules that can enhance dental implant osseointegration [24–26]. However, no thorough investigation has been conducted on the potential use of the nanoscale structure for the attachment of peri-implant collagen fibers.…”

Controlled releasing properties of gelatin nanofabric device containing chlorhexidine

“…Degradable scaffolds have the advantage that they only require a single visit for the insertion of the device. Various types of local drug delivery systems used in the treatment of periodontal diseases and peri-implant diseases include fibers, film, injectable systems, gels, strips, compacts, vesicular systems, microparticle systems, nanoparticle systems, and nanotube systems [9][10][11][12].…”