Improved p-n heterojunction solar cells employing thin film organic semiconductors

Panayotatos, P.; Parikh, D.; Sauers, R.; Bird, George R.; Piechowski, A. P.; Husain, Shahid

doi:10.1016/0379-6787(86)90009-8

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Rylene and its derivatives, such as 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and its imide derivatives ( 1 ), are readily available and have received more interest for their stable fluorescence properties,33 and for various applications as color pigments,34 laser dyes,35 and photovoltaic materials in solar cells 36. Perylenebis(dicarboximide) 1 is red and the polyene chromophoric unit must be extended in order to realize NIR absorption.…”

Section: Nir Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared Organic Compounds and Emerging Applications

Qian

Wang

2010

Chemistry An Asian Journal

721

523

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This Focus Review describes the emerging class of near-infrared (NIR) organic compounds containing the conjugated polyene, polymethine, and donor-acceptor chromophores and exploration of their NIR-absorbing, NIR-fluorescence, and NIR-photosensitizing properties for potential applications in heat absorbers, solar cells, and NIR light-emitting diodes. Examples of NIR organic compounds are reviewed with emphasis on the molecular design, NIR absorption, and fluorescence and particular emerging applications. The donor-acceptor type of NIR chromophores are particularly introduced owing to some unique features, including the designer-made energy gaps, facile synthesis, good processability, and controllable morphology and properties in the solid state. Future directions in research and development of NIR organic materials and applications are then offered from a personal perspective.

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Section: Nir Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared Organic Compounds and Emerging Applications

Qian

Wang

2010

Chemistry An Asian Journal

721

523

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“…Phthalocyanines [1] are an active focus of intense research for the development of efficient light-to-energy conversion devices. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Such molecules have unique properties in terms of light absorption in the far visible region of the solar spectrum (l = 690 nm) with molecular extinction coefficients (e) higher than 100 000 dm 3 m À1 cm À1 and good chemical stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…,16(17),23(24)-Tri-tert-butyl-2-[(4-bromo)phenyl]phthalocyaninatozinc(II) (mixture of regioisomers)(5): A mixture of iodophthalocyanine 4 (40.0 mg, 0.046 mmol), 4-bromophenylboronic acid (10.2 mg, 0.051 mmol), [PdA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (PPh 3 ) 4 ] (26.6 mg, 0.023 mmol) and K 2 CO 3 (17.7 mg, 0.128) in anhydrous DMF (4.0 mL) was heated at 45 8C under argon for 18 h. The solution was then poured into brine (150 mL) and extracted with Et 2 O (2 50 mL). The organic extracts were washed with brine (2 30 mL), dried over MgSO 4 and filtered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure–Function Relationships in Unsymmetrical Zinc Phthalocyanines for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Cid

García‐Iglesias

Yum

et al. 2009

Chemistry A European J

174

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A series of unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanines bearing an anchoring carboxylic function linked to the phthalocyanine ring through different spacers were designed for dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC). The modification of the spacer group allows not only a variable distance between the dye and the nanocrystalline TiO(2), but also a distinct orientation of the phthalocyanine on the semiconductor surface. The photovoltaic data show that the nature of the spacer group plays a significant role in the electron injection from the photo-excited dye into the nanocrystalline TiO(2) semiconductor, the recombination rates and the efficiency of the cells. The incident monochromatic photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) for phthalocyanines bearing an insulating spacer is as low as 9%, whereas for those with a conducting spacer an outstanding IPCE 80% was obtained.

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“…[7][8][9][10][11] The identication of alternative efficient n-type molecular architectures is expected to result in improvements not only in organic solar cells, but also in other classes of organic electronic devices such as transistors, photodetectors and bio-sensors where the use of fullerene is also a limiting factor. 12 Perylene-diimide (PDI) derivatives were among the rst n-type materials used in organic solar cells 13,14 but since the 80s the PCE of PDI-based devices has remained inferior to that of fullerene-based devices. 15,16 PDI-derivatives are extremely photostable, absorb efficiently in the visible spectrum, exhibit high electron mobility and crucially their retail cost is much lower than that of fullerenes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%