“…"> Model 4.The fuel cost curve, F i ( P i ), modelled by a quadratic function having an additional sinusoidal component that characterize the valve‐point effect (nonsmooth function modelling) as follows: - Model 5.The fuel cost curve, F i ( P i ), modelled by a cubic function having an additional sinusoidal component that characterize the valve‐point effect (nonsmooth function modelling) as follows: where a 0i , a 1i , a 2i , a 3i , a 4i , and a 5i are the cost parameters (coefficients) of a thermal generating unit i , P i is active power output of a thermal generating unit i , P min,i is minimum limit of active power P i of a thermal generating unit i , and F i ( P i ) is the fuel cost function of a thermal generating unit i .
- Curves that model thermal power plant emissions are, generally, nonlinear functions:
- The emission curve, E i ( P i ), modelled by a quadratic function as follows:
- The emission curve, E i ( P i ), modelled by a quadratic function having an additional exponential component as follows:
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