Natural gas has become
a global energy consumption hotspot because
of its large reserves and clean combustion. Due to soil corrosion,
construction damage, and natural disasters, leakage accidents of buried
natural gas pipelines often occur. In this paper, the steady simulation
method was used to study the methane invasion limit state (MILS) and
the methane invasion limit distance (MILD) under the conditions of
hardened surface ground (HSG), unhardened surface ground (UHSG), and
semihardened surface ground (SHSG), and the transient simulation of
methane invasion distance (MID) under the condition of HSG with the
largest MILD was carried out. The results showed that regardless of
ground conditions, with the increase of leakage time, the diffusion
range of methane in soil will not increase all the time, and there
was a limit state (MILS). The distribution range and concentration
of methane in the soil under HSG condition were the largest, followed
by the SHSG condition, and the UHSG condition was the smallest. When
the ground condition changed from UHSG to HSG, the MILD increased
from 3.41 to 9.32 m. The HSG condition will increase the MILD and
the range of dangerous areas. The buried depth of the pipeline had
a serious impact on the MILD. When the buried depth of the pipeline
increased from 0.3 to 1.5 m, the MILD increased from 1.75 to 3.49
m under the condition of UHSG and exceeded 10 m under the condition
of HSG. The average error of the MID prediction model was 2.37% under
the condition of HSG, which can accurately predict the leakage of
buried pipeline. The MID provides a reference for the layout of urban
underground gas leakage monitoring points. The MILD can provide guidance
for the safe distance between natural gas pipeline and structures
in the design code of natural gas pipeline.