“…Oxide semiconductors have advantages such as high stability, superior optical properties, and high carrier mobility; therefore, they are used in various electronic devices such as photovoltaics and thin film transistors (TFTs). Among oxide semiconductors, transition metal oxides such as HfO 2 [1,2], Ta 2 O 5 [3,4], TiO 2 [5,6], NiO [7,8], and copper oxide (Cu x O) [9,10], exhibit excellent resistive properties and are gaining attention as promising candidates for ReRAM due to their distinctive switching characteristics. Among these, Cu x O, a cost-effective and non-toxic p-type semiconductor, stands out for its outstanding optical and electrical properties.…”