Improved Salt Quality and Reduced Energy Consumption via Hot Air Drying

Amir, Nizar; Efendy, Makhfud; Yoo, Young Je; Gozan, Misri

doi:10.14716/ijtech.v12i3.4853

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Salt price often positively relates to salt quality. Therefore, the use of advanced salt production technologies can raise salt quality (Amir et al, 2021), which in turn, leads to improved farmer revenue.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Salt Farmer’s Bargain Power through Demand Allocation and Profit Sharing: A Cooperative Game Approach

Maflahah,

Wirjodirdjo,

Karningsih

2024

IJTech

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Oligopoly has remained a serious problematic market structure in the Indonesian salt supply chain, which exterminates the bargaining power of farmers. To eradicate the problem, a hybrid collaboration structures, i.e., vertical collaboration (farmers with cooperatives) and horizontal collaboration (farmers with farmers), are proposed, enabling to bring positive economic impacts to farmers. This novel supply chain-system model follows the cooperative game theory with Shapley's value for decision-making process. This work aimed to evaluate the implementation of the two partnership models for the supply chain of salt regarding their impacts on economic benefits for farmers assessed by Shapley's value of coalitions. The constructed model revealed that collaborative works between salt stakeholders improved farmers' revenue, and the optimum benefit was achieved by farmers when their supply (≤20%) was purchased by cooperatives, while the remaining was bought by middlemen. In this regard, the significant capacity of the cooperative should be invigorated in various sectors, including saving and loan services, market seekers, salt price making, and improvement of salt quality. Although farmers-to-farmers collaboration also bring mutual benefits, additional attempts by cooperatives, especially for small farmers, can be created to nurture a partnership between cooperatives and farmers, enabling them to generate more benefits.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Salt Farmer’s Bargain Power through Demand Allocation and Profit Sharing: A Cooperative Game Approach

Maflahah,

Wirjodirdjo,

Karningsih

2024

IJTech

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“…After the washing stage, salt is drained. The drying method continues to reduce water content and produce a high-quality salt product [14]. The saltwater content is accepted by industry is 7%, 2,5%, and 0,5% for human consumption, caustic soda industry, and food industry, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Dry and Wet Grinding Processes on The Salt Quality

et al. 2021

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Studies were conducted on the salt quality, such as NaCl percent and whiteness achieved by dry and wet grinding methods. Crude solar salt is carefully collected from traditional solar salt ponds to ensure the uniformity of the sample. Several salt processing methods were applied in this research, such as washing, grinding, and dewatering by centrifuge hydro extractor and drying. The effect of reducing salt particle size to 0.6 and 0.25 mm was also studied. The dry grinding method is conducted before the washing stage, while the wet grinding method is applied after the washing stage. Both dry and wet grinding methods provide high-quality salt products, indicating high NaCl percent and whiteness. The dry grinding method produces higher NaCl percent and whiteness than the wet grinding method. However, the wet grinding method was better in water management and equipment durability with loss of salt losses during the washing stage. Finally, both grinding methods have advantages and disadvantages, so for developing the salt processing industry, both methods should be correctly chosen and match product output requirements.

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“…Furthermore, research to improve NaCl quality has been performed by drying the salt using a hot air-drying system. As a result, the NaCl concentration increased but could not reduce the impurity content (Amir et al, 2021). Research for preparing analytical grade salt was investigated by re-dissolved, coagulation, ion exchange, and re-crystallization processes from rock salt (Rahman, Islam, and Farrukh, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Efficient and Scalable Production Process of Analytical Grade Sodium Chloride at Laboratory Scale

Rismana,

Arbianto,

Kusumaningrum

2024

IJTech

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Analytical grade Sodium chloride (NaCl) is one type of salt with a purity of > 99.50 % NaCl content, including other impurities. In laboratories, salt is used as a reagent and a standard solution. This research carried out the salt production process through purification, acidification, neutralization, crystallization, and drying methods. Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this technology are its simplicity and ability to produce accompanying products. In the first stage of the purification process, the precipitation of sulfate (SO4 2-) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) ions was examined. In this step, 20 % w/v barium chloride (BaCl2) and 20 % w/v sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution were consecutively used, and after 12 hours of sitting, the filtering process separated the mixture. The second stage of purification will investigate the precipitation of calcium (Ca 2+ ) ions using 20 % w/v sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solution, and the mixture was again separated by filtering after 12 hours. All stages of the purification process have shown that the ions concentration decreases by adding BaCl2, NaOH, and Na2CO3 solution. Furthermore, the acidification, neutralization, and crystallization processes can control pH and potassium (K + ) content. The results demonstrated that the technology produced 30% analytical grade NaCl with purity > 99.50% and high brine solution as a by-product, which can be further processed for producing pharmaceutical and food-grade salts.

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Improved Salt Quality and Reduced Energy Consumption via Hot Air Drying

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Improving Salt Farmer’s Bargain Power through Demand Allocation and Profit Sharing: A Cooperative Game Approach

Improving Salt Farmer’s Bargain Power through Demand Allocation and Profit Sharing: A Cooperative Game Approach

The Effects of Dry and Wet Grinding Processes on The Salt Quality

Development of Efficient and Scalable Production Process of Analytical Grade Sodium Chloride at Laboratory Scale

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