Improved Target Signal Source Tracking and Extraction Method Based on Outdoor Visible Light Communication Using an Improved Particle Filter Algorithm Based on Cam-Shift Algorithm

Abstract

An improved particle filter algorithm based on Cam-Shift algorithm applied to outdoor visible light communication (outdoor-VLC) is presented in this paper. In the outdoor-VLC system, accurately and completely tracking and extracting the target signal source Light Emitting Diode (LED) area is the premise for realizing communication. However, few existing studies pay attention to it. In the dynamic outdoor environment, there will be a lot of different environmental interferences (such as background interference, similar object interference, etc.), which greatly increases the difficulty of tracking and extracting the target signal source LED area. Therefore, in this paper, an improved tracking algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of how to track and extract the target signal source LED area accurately, stably and in real time in the outdoor-VLC system under various environmental interferences, so as to increase the feasibility of practical application of VLC system in outdoor scenes. This improved algorithm combines the particle filter algorithm and Cam-Shift algorithm originally. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good accuracy, robustness and real-time performance under the environment of multiple interference factors. Accordingly, the proposed algorithm can be applied to the outdoor-VLC system with various environmental interferences, and can realize the actual first step of communication in VLC system based on image sensor well, laying a foundation for feature extraction, data transmission and other subsequent steps.

A Review on Image Sensor Communication and Its Applications to Vehicles

“…Typically, region-of-interest (RoI) detection methods are used for LED detection. RoI detection is commonly used in computer vision and we can use algorithms such as image thresholding [53] or cam-shift tracking algorithm [54] to extract the LED transmitters. S. Kamiya, et al have succeeded in error-free detection and communication using a thresholding detecting method when the vehicle is moving at a speed of 15 km/h [55].…”

Rotary LED Transmitter for Improving Data Transmission Rate of Image Sensor Communication

“…Both ISC and OCC refer to VLC technology that uses a camera (image sensor) as a receiver, and the only clear difference between the two communication systems is their terminology [20]. In ISC, the LED luminance is detected and extracted as a pixel from the captured image [21]. Then, the data are demodulated using the extracted pixel.…”

An LED Detection and Recognition Method Based on Deep Learning in Vehicle Optical Camera Communication

“…But the algorithm cannot accurately recognize the LED status since it did not alleviate motion blur. Moreover, a video detection algorithm was applied to the vehicle OCC system innovatively [15], which achieved a processing time of 69 ms and lower extraction errors. The previous Cam-Shift algorithm with the Kalman filter scheme had a shorter processing time of 42 ms [16].…”