Improved unified method for the prediction of rain attenuation in terrestrial and earth space links

Mello, Luiz da Silva; Pontes, M.S.

doi:10.1109/imoc.2009.5427520

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To validate the models, different validation tools such as the error figure and goodness-of-fit function, which is also known as relative error probability function, were mostly used [17,68,139].Figure 6 shows the frequency range supporting capacity of the studied models. As we can see, the maximum frequency range supporting model is the unified model [89], the second highest is the Crane TC model [94], and the third top model is the GSST model [66]. The lowest frequency band supporting models from lowest to highest bands are Singapore [33], the Breakpoint model [29], the LU model [68], and the Karasawa model [88].…”

Section: Comparative Study Of Slant Link Rain Fade Modelsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Empirical models SAM model [32] Singapore [33] Garcia [34] GSST [66] LU model [68] Karasawa [88] Breakpoint [29] Unified [89] YLO model [12] Statistical models M-K model [90] MARIMA [91] ITU-R P.618 [45] PEARP [92] Das Model 1 [93] Physical models Bryant [37] Crane TC [94] PM Model [95] SC EXCELL [62] Fade models Japan [96] Das model 2 [97] ITU-R P.1623 [98] Dao model [99] Learning-based AANN [100] The SAM model [32] has evolved through some previously published articles [101].…”

Section: Rain Fade Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This [89] model uses a "complete rain distribution" based on several non-linear rain regressions using several attenuations and rainfall databanks. This model proposes an "effective path length" determination procedure for the terrestrial and slant links in a common way; hence it is called "unified."…”

Section: Unified Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth–Space Telecommunication Links—Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study

2021

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Satellite communication is a promising transmission technique to implement 5G and beyond networks. Attenuation due to rain begins at a frequency of 10 GHz in temperate regions. However, some research indicates that such attenuation effects start from 5–7 GHz, especially in tropical regions. Therefore, modeling rain attenuation is significant for propagating electromagnetic waves to achieve the required quality of service. In this survey, different slant link rain attenuation prediction models have been examined, classified, and analyzed, and various features like improvements, drawbacks, and particular aspects of these models have been tabulated. This survey provides various techniques for obtaining input data sets, including rain height, efficient trajectory length measurement techniques, and rainfall rate conversion procedures. No survey of the Earth–space link models for rain attenuation is available to the best of our knowledge. In this study, 23 rain attenuation models have been investigated. For easy readability and conciseness, the details of each model have not been included. The comparative analysis will assist in propagation modeling and planning the link budget of slant links.

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Section: Comparative Study Of Slant Link Rain Fade Modelsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Rain Fade Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth–Space Telecommunication Links—Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study

2021

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“…This model [68] uses the full rainfall rate distribution with multiple nonlinear regressions from the rain attenuation database. It is primarily developed for terrestrial links and can be later extended to slant links.…”

Section: Da Silva/unified Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art

Samad

Diba

Choi

2021

Sensors

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Millimeter-wave (30–300 GHz) frequency is a promising candidate for 5G and beyond wireless networks, but atmospheric elements limit radio links at this frequency band. Rainfall is the significant atmospheric element that causes attenuation in the propagated wave, which needs to estimate for the proper operation of fade mitigation technique (FMT). Many models have been proposed in the literature to estimate rain attenuation. Various models have a distinct set of input parameters along with separate estimation mechanisms. This survey has garnered multiple techniques that can generate input dataset for the rain attenuation models. This study extensively investigates the existing terrestrial rain attenuation models. There is no survey of terrestrial rain mitigation models to the best of our knowledge. In this article, the requirements of this survey are first discussed, with various dataset developing techniques. The terrestrial links models are classified, and subsequently, qualitative and quantitative analyses among these terrestrial rain attenuation models are tabulated. Also, a set of error performance evaluation techniques is introduced. Moreover, there is a discussion of open research problems and challenges, especially the exigency for developing a rain attenuation model for the short-ranged link in the E-band for 5G and beyond networks.

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“…Mainly based on experimental data, several empirical and semi-empirical rain attenuation prediction methods have been proposed over the years. The widely used predicting models currently are the ITU-R model and the Crane model [4]. The ITU-R.838-3 predicts the effect of rain attenuation in the terrestrial link.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variations of Cell Site Diversity Gain

Enoch¹,

Otung²

2016

IJET

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Abstract-The broadband fixed wireless access (BFWA) systems operate in microwave frequencies. In this frequency range, the wave propagation is highly influenced by precipitation caused especially by rain. With the use of cell site diversity (CSD), the rain attenuation effects can be mitigated. When the signal level falls below a certain threshold the subscriber station switches to another base station within the coverage area. This paper aims at demonstrating the performance improvements obtained with the use of cell site diversity during various seasons for measurements carried out from HYREX rain gauge network in UK. The parameters traditionally used to quantify cell site diversity are CSD gain and diversity improvement. This paper analyzes the CSD gain achieved. The gain increases with increasing frequency and distance. The link performance is compared for various seasons and the results show that the maximum attenuation occurs during summer, while the least attenuation occurs during winter. Therefore, maximum gain of up to 22 dB occurs at 54 GHz frequency during winter. The second observation is that when the angular separation between the diversity sites is 180° separation there is maximum gain for all seasons.

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Improved unified method for the prediction of rain attenuation in terrestrial and earth space links

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth–Space Telecommunication Links—Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study

A Survey of Rain Fade Models for Earth–Space Telecommunication Links—Taxonomy, Methods, and Comparative Study

A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art

Seasonal Variations of Cell Site Diversity Gain

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