In this paper, a semi-empirical method for the prediction of rain attenuation in slant paths and terrestrial links is proposed. The method uses the same simplified model of equivalent rain cell that is the basis for the ITU-R rain attenuation prediction methods but, additionally, the concept of an effective rain rate is introduced. This allows the use of the full rainfall rate distribution for the prediction of the rain attenuation distribution and the unification of the slant path and terrestrial links prediction algorithms. The numerical coefficients in the method's expressions were derived by multiple non-linear regressions using the experimental data currently available in the ITU-R data banks. Test results indicate that the proposed method provides significant improvement over the current ITU-R methods.

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This paper presents a review of rain attenuation studies based on measurements performed since 1987 in tropical and equatorial regions of Brazil. The terrestrial measurements include long term measurements for frequencies between 11 and 38 GHz at 20 links. The satellite measurements have been performed in the Ku band using radiometers and beacon receivers at 10 sites.

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