Improvement in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Smoking Cessation Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Purpose Smoking cessation reduces morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect during smoking cessation treatment on glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors, including blood pressure and lipid levels, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients and Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in a smoking cessation program, which comprised health education and medication prescription at an outpatient clinic in combination with a 3-month follow-up by phone. Data on patient background characteristics, cardiometabolic factors, smoking status, body weight, and body mass index before and after the program were collected for analysis. Results The analysis included 241 participants with an average age of 58.6 ± 10.6 years. The rate of successful cessation at three months was 34.0%. Compared with the baseline levels, there were significant decreases in the levels of fasting plasma glucose (10.0 ± 46.8 mg/dL, P = 0.001), HbA1c (0.3 ± 1.4%, P = 0.004), systolic blood pressure (4.6 ± 17.5 mmHg, P < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (2.9 ± 11.3 mmHg, P < 0.001), and total cholesterol (7.9 ± 42.8 mg/dL, P = 0.020) after participation in the smoking cessation program while there was no significant difference in body weight (0.1 ± 1.2 kg, P = 0.444). After adjustment for covariates, the decreases in HbA1c and total cholesterol levels were significantly better in younger participants and higher baseline nicotine dependence scores were associated with decreases in the levels of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides. However, the decrease in smoking amount was not associated with the changes in cardiometabolic factors. Conclusion Participation in a smoking cessation program was associated with improvements in glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. The observed improvements were associated with participation in the program but not with the decrease in smoking amount.

Efficacy and Safety of Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

“…Consistent with these observations is that stopping smoking has been associated with reduced mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes . Moreover, patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in smoking cessation programs were found to have better glycemic control and lower cardiometabolic risk factors . Therefore, counseling on quitting smoking and treatment of tobacco addiction should be components of routine diabetes care …”

“…5,6 Moreover, patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in smoking cessation programs were found to have better glycemic control and lower cardiometabolic risk factors. 7 Therefore, counseling on quitting smoking and treatment of tobacco addiction should be components of routine diabetes care. 8,9 Behavioral counseling and smoking cessation medications are generally combined in efforts to help people quit smoking.…”

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors in the antihypertensive therapy “escape” phenomenon

“…В настоящее время также достаточно данных, подтверждающих потенцирующее влияние избыточной массы тела и ожирения [18], гипергликемии [19], дислипидемии [20], курения [21] и СОАС на развитие АГ [22,23]. В свою очередь коррекция факторов ССР способствует лучшему контролю АГ: как за счет контроля уровня глюкозы [24] и снижения веса [25], так и за счет коррекции дислипидемии [26], отказа от курения [27] и устранения нарушений дыхания во время сна [28].…”

Targeting Lung–Gut Axis for Regulating Pollution Particle–Mediated Inflammation and Metabolic Disorders

“…In Japanese patients with T2DM, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), as an indicator of DM, was noted to increase progressively with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and CS pack-years compared with never-smokers; the HbA1c decreased linearly with the years after CS cessation [ 87 ]. In another cohort study, 241 patients with T2DM participated in a CS cessation program, which generated enhancements in glycemic control and cardiometabolic risk factors over 3 months of follow-up [ 88 ]. In addition, younger patients displayed considerable improvement in HbA1c and total cholesterol levels than older patients; by contrast, patients with a low amount of baseline CS demonstrated improvements in diastolic blood pressure.…”