“…The organic grouting materials such as polyurethane [9,10,11], epoxy resin [12], acrylamide [13], methacrylate [14], acrylate [15], and lignin [16] have been extensively explored as well. Among the aforementioned grouting materials, polyurethane has attracted widespread attention owing to its good flexibility, high permeability, strong adhesion, and easy manipulation [17,18,19], and is regarded as one of the most promising candidates. However, polyurethane grouting material still suffers from high price, flammability, poor barrier property, and thermal stability [20,21], which limits its practical applications.…”