Improvement of Blood Rheology by Extract of Asana, <i>Pterocarpus marsupium</i> -Suppression of Platelet Aggregation Activity and Pterostilbene, as a Main Stilbene in the Extract

Miyamoto

et al. 2019

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Asana used in Ayurveda medicine originates from the heartwood of Fabaceae Pterocarpus marsupium. In our previous report, we demonstrated that a 50% ethanolic extract (PM-ext) of Asana was a promising candidate as a skin-whitening agent based on its anti-tyrosinase and antioxidative activities. Moreover, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity of PM-ext was demonstrated and one of the active constituents was identified as oxyresveratrol. However, the potency of oxyresveratrol was low and the other active constituent has not yet been investigated. Activity-guided purification led us to isolate (+)-dihydrorobinetin (DHR). DHR had a potent DPPH radical-scavenging activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 1.3 µM) and also showed suppressive activity of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) production (IC50 =132 µM), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity (half-maximal effective concentration=27 µM). In a PM-ext, this is the first report to identify DHR and to demonstrate the suppressive activity of AGEs production and SOD-like activity of DHR. From these results, PM-ext containing DHR is a promising candidate as a multifunctional material with multiple anti-oxidant activities.

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Determination of (+)-Dihydrorobinetin as An Active Constituent of the Radical-Scavenging Activity of Asana (Pterocarpus marsupium) Heartwood

Miyamoto

et al. 2019

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“…D2 (309 mg) was then subjected to preparative HPLC under the following conditions: column: Waters SunFire C18 column (10 i.d. × 250 mm); mobile phase: 20% MeCN containing 0.1% formic acid; column temperature: ambient; flow rate: 5.0 mL/min; detection: UV 369 nm to obtain marsupsin (3,16.0 mg, Figure 8). The structure of 3 was elucidated by comparison of mass spectra, 1 H-and 13 C-NMR spectra, and optical rotation data with those of a previous report.…”

Section: Fractionation Of Pm-extmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, pterostilbene was identified as one of the active principles that inhibited platelet coagulation via cyclooxygenase inhibition. 3 Diabetes mellitus is categorized as a lifestyle-related noncommunicable disease (NCD). NCD are a group of lifestylerelated diseases, ie, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibitory Activity of Asana, Heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium, Against Xanthine Oxidase

Hata

Tamai

et al. 2019

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The heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium is called as “Asana” in Ayurveda. Its aquatic infusion was used for treating “prameha,” which indicates a polyuria disease in modern medicine. In our research program to investigate a novel agent to improve hyperuricemia, we focused on the extract of Asana as a xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor. Asana extract (50% ethanolic extract, PM-ext) showed 11%, 35%, and 38% inhibition at 50, 200, and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Subsequently, PM-ext was partitioned with ethyl acetate (AcOEt), butanol, and water. Among them, AcOEt-soluble fraction indicated the most potent XOD inhibitory activity and was consecutively fractionated using various liquid chromatography to obtain liquiritigenin (1), isoliquiritigenin (2), and marsupsin (3) as active principles. Compound 1 showed 16% inhibition at 200 µM while 2 showed 20%, 32%, and 46% inhibition at 50, 100, and 200 µM, respectively. Compound 3 showed 15% inhibition at 500 µM. This is the first report on the XOD inhibitory activity of 3. From these results, PM-ext is a promising candidate material for improvement of hyperuricemia. Here, Asana was recognized as an effective material against noncommunicable disease and is expected to be developed as a functional ingredient.

“…2 We have already reported an improvement in blood fluidity in a disseminated intravascular coagulation model by oral administration of a crude extract of P. marsupium and one of the active components was determined to be pterostilbene. 3 An improvement in blood fluidity affects blood circulation in the microsystem, and this can lighten dull facial skin. 4,5 Thus, asana may be utilized as a skin care agent and it has been used medically for serious skin diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-oxidative Activities by Asana: the Heartwood of Pterocarpusmarsupium

Tamai

Asahara

et al. 2019

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Asana (the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium) has been utilized as an agent for diabetes mellitus in Ayurveda traditional medicine. In our research program to explore novel functions of asana extract, we focused on its skin-whitening effect because asana has been used as a remedy for chronic skin diseases. In addition, the authors have already reported an improvement in blood fluidity that brightens dull facial skin. Based on these effects, asana is a promising candidate agent that possesses both blood fluidity and anti-tyrosinase activities. We focused on the anti-tyrosinase activity and anti-oxidative activities of asana and the results are summarized in this report. We found that a 50% ethanolic extract obtained from asana (PM-ext) showed 23%, 53%, and 71% inhibition against mushroom tyrosinase at 12.5, 50, and 200 µg/mL. Oxyresveratrol and isoliquiritigenin were identified as the active compounds by activity-guided purification. Oxyresveratrol has higher potency than isoliquiritigenin and the IC50 of oxyresveratrol was estimated to be 2.1 µM. On the other hand, isoliquiritigenin showed 21%, 28%, and 38% inhibition at 10, 50, and 100 µM, respectively. The inhibitory activity of oxyresveratrol was compared with 3 stilbenes, pterostilbene, resveratrol, and piceatannol. Although oxyresveratrol showed 72.8%, 81.0%, and 85.4% inhibition at 2, 5, and 10 µM, respectively, pterostilbene, resveratrol, and piceatannol showed no effects at the same concentration; these compounds also demonstrated anti-melanogenesis activity on B16 murine melanoma cells. As a result, oxyresveratrol showed the most potent activity, without cytotoxicity, with 38%, 74%, and 84% inhibition at 2, 10, and 20 µM, respectively, while pterostilbene showed 26%, 71%, and 79% inhibition at the same concentration with cytotoxicity at 10 and 20 µM. Resveratrol showed 20%, 41%, and 57% inhibition without cytotoxicity at 2, 10, and 20 µM, respectively. Auto-oxidation is one of the major factors in melanin biosynthesis and anti-oxidative activity is suitable for an anti-melanogenesis agent. We investigated the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity by PM-ext. As a result, PM-ext showed 16%, 33%, and 73% DPPH radical-scavenging activity at 10, 20, and 50 µg/mL, respectively. Oxyresveratrol showed 19%, 31%, and 59% scavenging activity at 10, 20, and 50 µM, respectively, similar to piceatannol. In addition, PM-ext showed 29%, 48%, and 80% suppressive activity on AGEs production at 3.1, 12.5, and 50 µg/mL, respectively. Oxyresveratrol showed 32%, 47%, and 55% activity at 10, 50, and 100 µM, respectively, and this was the most potent among the stilbenes tested. These results suggest that PM-ext could be a promising candidate as skin-whitening agent.