Improvement of dietary value of live foods for fish larvae by feeding them on .OMEGA.3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.

Watanabe, Takeshi; Tamiya, Tomonori; Oka, Akira; Hirata, Masaharu; Kitajima, Chikara; Fujita, Shiro

doi:10.2331/suisan.49.471

Cited by 99 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…The culture of rotifers containing different levels of n-3 HUFA is required for this purpose. [7][8][9] Thus, preliminary experiments were conducted to verify the amount of n-3 HUFA incorporated into rotifers from emulsified lipids added to the culture medium.…”

Section: Requirement Of Larval Red Seabream Pagrus Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of larval red seabream Pagrus major for essential fatty acids.

Izquierdo

Watanabe²,

Takeuchi³

et al. 1989

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI

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168

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Feeding experiments of the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) requirement on larval red seabream were conducted three times using rotifers enriched by the direct method, which showed a direct relationship between the n-3 HUFA concentration in emulsified lipids and the level on n-3 HUFA in rotifers. Various emulsions containing different levels of n-3 HUFA were pre pared by mixing methyl oleate with pollock and cuttlefish liver oils or a methyl ester mixture con taining 85% of n-3 HUFA and fed to rotifers. These rotifers were fed to larval fish for 10-16 days in 100l tanks.The larvae fed on rotifers containing a low percentage of n-3 HUFA showed a poor growth and a high mortality. The growth, survival and activity of the larvae were effectively improved by elevation of the n-3 HUFA levels in rotifers, and reached a plateau at a level of 0.4%. The levels of n-3 HUFA in fish increased gradually as elevation of the percentage of n-3 HUFA in rotifers and reached a maximum at around 3% of n-3 HUFA (whole body dry basis). These results suggested that a minimum requirement of larval red seabream for n-3 HUFA is about 0.4% in wet basis of rotifer.

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Section: Requirement Of Larval Red Seabream Pagrus Majormentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement of larval red seabream Pagrus major for essential fatty acids.

Izquierdo

Watanabe²,

Takeuchi³

et al. 1989

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI

Self Cite

168

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“…These polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a key role in reproduction, growth, and physiology for all organisms in marine ecosystems (Ackman, 1989), as well as for human health (Riediger et al, 2009). The importance of omega-3 fatty acids for copepod egg production, egg hatching, and zooplankton growth has been well documented in field (Pond et al, 1996;Swadling et al, 2000;Jonasdottir et al, 2005) and experimental studies (Breteler et al, 2005;Jonasdottir et al, 2009), and has furthermore been proven to be essential for proper fish development (Watanabe et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of blooms, algal food quality and Calanus glacialis reproduction and growth in a changing Arctic

Søreide¹,

Leu

Berge³

et al. 2010

Global Change Biology

501

390

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The Arctic bloom consists of two distinct categories of primary producers, ice algae growing within and on the underside of the sea ice, and phytoplankton growing in open waters. Long chain omega-3 fatty acids, a subgroup of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) produced exclusively by these algae, are essential to all marine organisms for successful reproduction, growth, and development. During an extensive field study in the Arctic shelf seas, we followed the seasonal biomass development of ice algae and phytoplankton and their food quality in terms of their relative PUFA content. The first PUFA-peak occurred in late April during solid ice cover at the onset of the ice algal bloom, and the second PUFA-peak occurred in early July just after the ice break-up at the onset of the phytoplankton bloom. The reproduction and growth of the key Arctic grazer Calanus glacialis perfectly coincided with these two bloom events. Females of C. glacialis utilized the high-quality ice algal bloom to fuel early maturation and reproduction, whereas the resulting offspring had access to ample high-quality food during the phytoplankton bloom 2 months later. Reduction in sea ice thickness and coverage area will alter the current primary production regime due to earlier ice break-up and onset of the phytoplankton bloom. A potential mismatch between the two primary production peaks of high-quality food and the reproductive cycle of key Arctic grazers may have negative consequences for the entire lipid-driven Arctic marine ecosystem.

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“…The role of copepods as a source of food for fish is well established (Turner 1984). As demonstrated for polyunsaturated fatty acids (Watanabe et al 1983), well-fed copepods could be a source of vitamin C for fish. The importance of such a transfer would be quantified when requirements of planktivorous fish are known.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of vitamin C in some common species of marine plankton

Hapette¹,

Poulet²

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Occurrence of vitamin C, observed in 26 species of the major zooplankton taxa, confirms the ubiquity of this essential micronutrient in eukaryotes. Short-and long-term variations of vitamin C in copepods reflected the dependence of vitamin incorporation upon phytoplankton. The link existing between the source of vitamin C, or its precursor, and the rank of the organisms in the marine foodchain is illustrated by the significant difference found between carnivorous and omnivorous/herbivorous species. Copepods and their fecal pellets are substantial carriers of vitamin C, constituting a potential pathway from phytoplankton to consumers in higher trophic levels and probably unable to synthesize this molecule. Information about properties and functions of vitamin C, known for plants and vertebrates, is scant in zooplankton, although it could be relevant to plankton ecology involving feeding, reproduction and growth.

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Improvement of dietary value of live foods for fish larvae by feeding them on .OMEGA.3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.

Cited by 99 publications

References 0 publications

Requirement of larval red seabream Pagrus major for essential fatty acids.

Requirement of larval red seabream Pagrus major for essential fatty acids.

Timing of blooms, algal food quality and Calanus glacialis reproduction and growth in a changing Arctic

Variation of vitamin C in some common species of marine plankton

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