Improvement of Disease Resistance by Genetic Methods

Robinson, Nick; Gjedrem, Trygve; Quillet, Edwige

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804564-0.00002-8

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…; Robinson et al . ). Chile plays a key role in the international salmon market and selective breeding is considered an important tool in increasing the competitiveness of Chilean aquaculture.…”

Section: Structure Of the Chilean Salmon And Trout Egg Marketmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…By 2010, 32 breeding programmes had been established for salmonids worldwide (Rye et al 2010). This situation has resulted in that, for instance,~97% of the worldwide production of Atlantic salmon is currently based on genetically improved stocks (Gjedrem et al 2012;Robinson et al 2017). Chile plays a key role in the international salmon market and selective breeding is considered an important tool in increasing the competitiveness of Chilean aquaculture.…”

Section: Structure Of the Chilean Salmon And Trout Egg Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in genetic improvement for salmon and trout aquaculture: the Chilean situation and prospects

Lhorente

Araneda

Neira

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Genetic improvement is key to the development of a more efficient aquaculture industry. By 2010, there were 104 breeding programmes for aquaculture species in the world, most of them for fish species. Usually, the breeding goals include traits such as growth rate, disease resistance, maturation and carcass quality. Resistance to specific pathogens has been one of the main objectives of research and development in the genetic improvement programmes of salmonids in Chile and worldwide. In Chile, trait selection has been conducted through the application of selection indexes. New technologies like next generation sequencing and genotyping have helped disentangle the genetic basis and enhance genetic evaluation methods of economically important traits. This work aims to review the advances in genetic improvement for salmon and trout aquaculture with emphasis on the Chilean experience. We focus on the implementation of breeding programmes in the country, definition of breeding objectives, results on genetic parameters and response to selection and incorporation of genomics. Future challenges and opportunities regarding genotype‐by‐environment interactions, climate change and research and development, plus the demonstration of the economic benefit of breeding programmes are also addressed.

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Section: Structure Of the Chilean Salmon And Trout Egg Marketmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Structure Of the Chilean Salmon And Trout Egg Marketmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in genetic improvement for salmon and trout aquaculture: the Chilean situation and prospects

Lhorente

Araneda

Neira

et al. 2019

Reviews in Aquaculture

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although there are numerous estimates of heritability for resistance to specific diseases in aquaculture [18,19], R 0 and its economic value are rarely considered. When R 0 is low, its economic value is likely high, whereas when R 0 is high, its economic value is likely low (Figs.…”

Section: Potential For Genetic Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After some incubation time, phenotypes are recorded as dead or alive. Dead fish are considered susceptible and surviving fish resistant [19]. To maximize phenotypic variation, the endpoint of the challenge test is sometimes chosen such that the survival rate is 50% [30].…”

Section: Genetic Evaluation Of Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The economic value of R0 for selective breeding against microparasitic diseases

Janssen

Bijma

2020

Genet Sel Evol

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Background: Microparasitic diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses. Genetic improvement of resistance to microparasitic diseases in breeding programs is desirable and should aim at reducing the basic reproduction ratio R 0 . Recently, we developed a method to derive the economic value of R 0 for macroparasitic diseases. In epidemiological models for microparasitic diseases, an animal's disease status is treated as infected or not infected, resulting in a definition of R 0 that differs from that for macroparasitic diseases. Here, we extend the method for the derivation of the economic value of R 0 to microparasitic diseases. Methods: When R 0 ≤ 1 , the economic value of R 0 is zero because the disease is very rare. When R 0 . is higher than 1, genetic improvement of R 0 can reduce expenditures on vaccination if vaccination induces herd immunity, or it can reduce production losses due to disease. When vaccination is used to achieve herd immunity, expenditures are proportional to the critical vaccination coverage, which decreases with R 0 . The effect of R 0 on losses is considered separately for epidemic and endemic disease. Losses for epidemic diseases are proportional to the probability and size of major epidemics. Losses for endemic diseases are proportional to the infected fraction of the population at the endemic equilibrium. Results:When genetic improvement reduces expenditures on vaccination, expenditures decrease with R 0 at an increasing rate. When genetic improvement reduces losses in epidemic or endemic diseases, losses decrease with R 0 at an increasing rate. Hence, in all cases, the economic value of R 0 increases as R 0 decreases towards 1. Discussion: R 0 and its economic value are more informative for potential benefits of genetic improvement than heritability estimates for survival after a disease challenge. In livestock, the potential for genetic improvement is small for epidemic microparasitic diseases, where disease control measures limit possibilities for phenotyping. This is not an issue in aquaculture, where controlled challenge tests are performed in dedicated facilities. If genetic evaluations include infectivity, genetic gain in R 0 can be accelerated but this would require different testing designs. Conclusions: When R 0 ≤ 1 , its economic value is zero. The economic value of R 0 is highest at low values of R 0 and approaches zero at high values of R 0 . © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article' s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article' Publisher's NoteSpringer Nature remains neutral with ...

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