Improvement of ethyl glucuronide determination in human urine and serum samples by solid-phase extraction

Janda, Ines; Alt, Andreas

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00186-4

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Initial investigations of other relatively new SPE sorbents also gave unsatisfactory results. Oasis HLB [12] and PBA [13] cartridges afforded no recovered glucuronide and NH 2 [14] and SAX cartridges gave poor extraction recovery. We found that the Certify II mixed mode sorbent combining C8 and DEA functionalities gave a better extraction.…”

Section: Solid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of boldenone sulfate and glucuronide conjugates in horse urine by ion trap liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

McKinney

Stenhouse

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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Section: Solid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of boldenone sulfate and glucuronide conjugates in horse urine by ion trap liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

McKinney

Stenhouse

et al. 2004

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…In such cases, it is difficult to make any statements on a potential alcoholisation. β-D-Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) [5,10,14,17] is a direct metabolite of ethanol in urine and blood, and it has been shown that EtG is suitable to follow up previous alcohol consumption [4,16] even if the uptake has taken place several days (urine) or weeks (hair) ago [1,6,7,9,11]. EtG measurements have been of particular interest in cases of alcoholics who were hospitalised in the course of alcohol withdrawal [16,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of ethyl glucuronide in dried human blood using LC-MS/MS

Kaufmann

Alt

2008

Int J Legal Med

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“…Shortly after the initial consumption of even small amounts of ethanol, EtG is formed. It has been detected in urine up to 80 h after the complete elimination of alcohol from the body and was not detectable in teetotalers with a 0.1 mg/L cut-off [3,4]. EtG is unique in covering this important time span of one to three days after alcohol uptake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmatory analysis of ethylglucuronide in urine by liquid-chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry according to forensic guidelines

Weinmann¹,

Schaefer²,

Thierauf³

et al. 2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

125

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␤-D-ethylglucuronide (EtG) is a stable Phase II metabolite of ethanol which can be detected in urine samples several days after elimination of ethanol. It is a useful diagnostic parameter for monitoring abstinence of alcoholics in alcohol withdrawal treatment. For this purpose, determination in urine is mainly performed by LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, or by GC-MS. For the mass spectrometric identification and detection of controlled substances in more sensitive fields such as forensic toxicology, workplace drug testing, doping analysis, and veterinary organic residue control, official guidelines have been released requiring a chromatographic separation and a minimum of two mass spectrometric transitions of the analyte. However alcohol consumption remain suboptimal with regard to sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, these biomarkers can be influenced by age, gender, and a variety of substances and non-alcohol-associated diseases, and do not fully cover the time axis for alcohol intake. Conjugation of ethanol with activated glucuronic acid in the presence of membrane-bound mitochondrial UDP glucuronyl transferase represents a minor detoxification pathway for ethanol: About 0.02-0.06% (mean) of the dose of ethanol administered is recovered as ␤-D-ethylglucuronide (EtG) in urine in humans [1] and-dose dependent-0.5-1.5% in rabbits [2]. EtG is a non-volatile, water-soluble, stable, direct metabolite of ethanol that can be detected in various body fluids, tissues and hair. EtG (C 8 H 14 O 7 ) has a molecular weight of 222 g/mol, and the melting point (decomposition temperature) is about 150°C. Shortly after the initial consumption of even small amounts of ethanol, EtG is formed. It has been detected in urine up to 80 h after the complete elimination of alcohol from the body and was not detectable in teetotalers with a 0.1 mg/L cut-off [3,4]. EtG is unique in covering this important time span of one to three days after alcohol uptake. In urine, it can be detected longer than ethanol. Therefore, EtG meets the need for a sensitive and specific marker to elucidate alcohol use not detected by

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Improvement of ethyl glucuronide determination in human urine and serum samples by solid-phase extraction

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

Direct detection of boldenone sulfate and glucuronide conjugates in horse urine by ion trap liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Direct detection of boldenone sulfate and glucuronide conjugates in horse urine by ion trap liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Detection of ethyl glucuronide in dried human blood using LC-MS/MS

Confirmatory analysis of ethylglucuronide in urine by liquid-chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry according to forensic guidelines

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