Improvement of Hydropon Installations

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Introduction of hydroponic installations is a prospective direction of agriculture, while they allow to get all-the-year-round fresh vegetables, fruits and greenery, including their exotic kinds for some regions. For provision of high efficiency of this equipment (minimal expenses of energy, materials and time, maximal productivity of the plants) there is important to supply the plants with optimal quantity of nutrients (nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, natrium), microelements (iron, boron, iodine, copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese), acids, salts. Herewith concentration of some from these additives can amount several milligrammes. So, an actual task is an accurate batching of the components of nutrients. There are several variants of an equipment for the accurate batching of liquid solutions: valves with electric control for feeding of fuel in jet engines (they have high price because of utilization of expensive materials in their construction), hydraulic engines with periodic turns of executive element for angle less than 360o (don’t provide exact regulation of turning angle) and linear electric-hydraulic engines (have other designation and design that demands of improvement). Authors propose a scheme of improved apparatus for accurate batching of the components of nutrients hydroponic installations, created at the base of the linear electric-hydraulic engine. The apparatus has a simple and reliable design and provides a possibility of high accurate batching of the components of nutrients. There are cited equations and formulas for definition of main working parameters of the apparatus, that can be used for creation of its method of design calculation.

Elaboration and Researches of Apparatus of Control for Hydroponic Installations

Sevostianov

Melnik

2022

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Systems of Automatic Control for Hydroponic Technological Complexes

Sevostianov

Melnyk

2022

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Hydroponic equipment allows to resolve a problem of supply with fresh greenery, vegetables and fruits for quite different countries and regions regardless climatic conditions, type of soil and availability of natural water resources. In developed countries there is a continuous and significant requirement of an all-the-year-round production of wide range crops for the population and enterprises of food and processing industry. By our notion, a rational mean of increase of efficiency of functioning of large hydroponic complexes, their further development and improvement is automation of all technological and auxiliary operations of the corresponding production process beginning from receipt orders and up to delivery of ready products to consumers. Solution of this task will provide effective using of time and material resources (areas, soil, equipment, energy, nutrients, microelements, water), more even loading and operation of productive capacities, increase of productivity of enterprises and quality of ready products, decrease of their prime cost. There is conducted an analysis of main types of control devises and their executive elements (mechanical, hydro-mechanical, pneumatic-mechanical, electro-mechanical), their advantages and shortcomings. Also, the work contains an elaborated a structural scheme of an automated regional hydroponic production-logistic association, that provide production and delivery to consumers greenery, fruits and vegetables. There is proposed a block-scheme of an algorithm, ensuring rational automatic functioning of hydroponic technological complexes with examination of volumes and content of consumer orders, qualitative characteristics of the products, admissible terms of the orders fulfilment, availability of hydroponic equipment, its capacity and technological possibilities.

Simulation of the System of Mineral Nutrition of Plants in Closed Soil

Olena

Oleksandr

Volodymyr³

2022

One of the important factors in the high productivity of growing vegetable crops by the method of small volume of this system of vegetable production is the accurate and timely supply of mineral nutrition to their root system. During hydroponic cultivation, all mineral substances of plants are obtained from their aqueous solutions. In closed soil, the water regime should be regulated taking into account the biological characteristics of the culture, the growth phase and the intensity of light. To successfully implement the plant nutrition process, it is necessary to formulate a mathematical model of the process and equivalent transfer functions. This will make it possible to choose a rational way of management and determine the parameters of management systems. The analysis of the latest researches in the field of automation of processes of nutrition of plants grown in closed soil shows that for each specific case, a scheme of automation of this process was proposed, which led to different results of the implementation of the process of nutrition. To generalize the principles of regulating the supply of nutrient solutions to plants in closed soil, it is necessary to develop real mathematical models of processes and equivalent transfer functions that will allow choosing a rational method of management. The specificity of the object of research determines the need to use the analytical method of obtaining dynamic models as the main one. The mathematical description of the dynamics of mass transfer during drip irrigation includes the value of the evaporative capacity of plants. This value significantly depends on the parameters of the microclimate in the building. To determine the influence of these parameters on the dynamics of liquid transpiration, a mathematical model was obtained in the form of differential equations of heat and material balances. The obtained mathematical models and the structural schemes built on their basis will serve as the basis for creating a system of mineral nutrition of plants in closed soil.