Improvement of mechanical properties of mycelium/cotton stalk composites by water immersion

Liu, Ru; Li, Xiaoyan; Ling, Liansheng; Sheng, Yan; Xu, Jianfeng; Yan-xia, Wang

doi:10.1080/09276440.2020.1716573

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…6ii, iii); they are either loosen due to degradation, or physically twisted with the mycelium, a morphology previously reported for mycelium-based composites (Liu et al 2020). The fact that insufficient fungal had grown throughout the whole composite limits the bonding between the hyphae and the substrate, and is reported to be responsible for the limited mechanical performance (Islam et al 2018;Liu et al 2020).…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem) Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Enzymatic activities and analysis of a mycelium-based composite formation using peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) residues on Lentinula edodes

Lima

Schoenherr

Magalhães

et al. 2020

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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By seeding fungus on top of industry residues, a mycelium can grow and form a compact network structure; however, it may not develop due to lack of optimal nutrients from the substrate. Consequently, peach-palm residues can be a potential alternative; so, to test this hypothesis, this work evaluates the effect of peach-palm residues as substrate for the growth of mycelium based on Lentinula edodes. They were also supplemented with cassava bran and various sources of nitrogen-ammonium sulphate, potassium nitrate, and soy flour—to analyse its effects on its physico-chemical, enzymatic activities, and thermal and mechanical properties of the final composite at 12 and 20 days of cultivation. This mycelium was able to grow at optimum source treatment conditions, which depends on the ratio of Carbon to Nitrogen, within only 12 days of inoculation. Furthermore, the enzyme activities directly correlate with the mycelium growth with optimum conditions of pH, water activity, and moisture for L. edodes to grow having lower enzyme activities for a well-developed composite; whereas higher activities were seen for a weakly developed material, and this material demonstrates mechanical and thermal properties similar to common mycelium-based composites. Therefore, this work demonstrates that peach-palm residues can be a potential alternative for mycelium-based composite.

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Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem) Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Enzymatic activities and analysis of a mycelium-based composite formation using peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) residues on Lentinula edodes

Lima

Schoenherr

Magalhães

et al. 2020

Bioresour. Bioprocess.

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show abstract

“…These low flexural strengths can be explained by a higher porosity and lower density in non-pressed materials. Heat-pressing not only leads to a densification of the material, but also to the polymerisation of lignin [ 44 ] present in the hemp fibres. Fibres that are first oriented randomly are now pressed more horizontally into the plane of the panel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibres that are first oriented randomly are now pressed more horizontally into the plane of the panel. Furthermore, the heat causes the formation, but also breaking and reformation, of hydrogen bonds between amino acids in the mycelium and fibres in addition to esterification, leading to a densely packed substrate [ 44 , 45 ]. It can be expected that cellulose nanofibrils positively contribute to this phenomenon and that additional hydrogen bonds are formed, thereby leading to an enhanced strength and toughness of BC-mycelium materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical characteristics of bacterial cellulose-reinforced mycelium composite materials

Elsacker

Vandelook

Damsin

et al. 2021

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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Background While mycelium is considered a promising alternative for fossil-based resins in lignocellulosic materials, the mechanical properties of mycelium composite materials remain suboptimal, among other reasons due to the weak internal bonds between the hyphae and the natural fibres. A solution could be provided by the hybridisation of mycelium materials with organic additives. More specifically, bacterial cellulose seems to be a promising additive that could result in reinforcing mycelium composites; however, this strategy is underreported in scientific literature. Results In this study, we set out to investigate the mechanical properties of mycelium composites, produced with the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor, and supplemented with bacterial cellulose as an organic additive. A methodological framework is developed for the facile production of bacterial cellulose and subsequent fabrication of mycelium composite particle boards based on a hybrid substrate consisting of bacterial cellulose and hemp in combination with a heat-pressing approach. We found that, upon adding bacterial cellulose, the internal bond of the composite particle boards significantly improved. Conclusions The addition of bacterial cellulose to mycelium composite materials not only results in a strengthening of internal bonding of mycelium material, but also renders tuneable mechanical properties to the material. As such, this study contributes to the ongoing development of fully biological hybrid materials with performant mechanical characteristics.

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“…Well-developed fungal mycelium has decreased pH level and total organic matter which is due to enzymatic digestion, whereas the amount of nitrogen and water increases as mycelium is well developed [ 30 , 32 ]. As mycelium grows, a network of branching hyphae composed of biomolecules mainly chitin grow out of the substrate into the air creating a fluffy or compact layer (fungal skin) covering the substrate and a vast three-dimensional matrix [ 10 , 69 , 76 ]. The mycelium (vegetative part) can be grown into dense material in a mold to form different shapes for different items.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycelium-Based Composite: The Future Sustainable Biomaterial

Alemu

Tafesse

Mondal

2022

International Journal of Biomaterials

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Because of the alarming rate of human population growth, technological improvement should be needed to save the environment from pollution. The practice of business as usual on material production is not creating a circular economy. The circular economy refers to an economic model whose objective is to produce goods and services sustainably, by limiting the consumption and waste of resources (raw materials, water, and energy). Fungal-based composites are the recently implemented technology that fulfills the concept of the circular economy. It is made with the complex of fungi mycelium and organic substrates by using fungal mycelium as natural adhesive materials. The quality of the composite depends on both types of fungi and substrate. To ensure the physicochemical property of the fabricated composite, mycelium morphology, bimolecular content, density, compressive strength, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity were determined. This composite is proven to be used for different applications such as packaging, architectural designs, walls, and insulation. It also has unique features in terms of low cost, low emission, and recyclable.

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Improvement of mechanical properties of mycelium/cotton stalk composites by water immersion

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

Enzymatic activities and analysis of a mycelium-based composite formation using peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) residues on Lentinula edodes

Enzymatic activities and analysis of a mycelium-based composite formation using peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) residues on Lentinula edodes

Mechanical characteristics of bacterial cellulose-reinforced mycelium composite materials

Mycelium-Based Composite: The Future Sustainable Biomaterial

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