Acoustic signals are often used to detect and track targets in target detection field. Because of the complicated underwater, air and solid environment, the echo signals are often affected by environment that affects the analysis and processing of the detection signal. Aiming at this problem, this paper analyzes and studies the use of adaptive filter, and analyzes the model making use of the reference. Signal source is used to denoise the target signal. The method is applied for processing the data. The simulation results show that the proposed method greatly improves the target identification, enhances the SNR and highlights the features of echo signal. This method improves the recognition accuracy significantly.