Improvement of Pavement Subgrade by Adding Cement and Fly Ash to Natural Desert Sand

Amhadi, Talal; Assaf, Gabriel J.

doi:10.3390/infrastructures6110151

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The mechanical and chemical stabilization alteration of one or more soil properties has been termed as soil stabilization [ 21 , 22 ]. Most researchers studied to improve the engineering properties by increasing the compressive strength of the soil [ 6 , 8 , 12 , 16 , 17 , 23 ] according to the ASTM D 4609 standard [ 24 ] (>0.8 Mpa). Soil stabilization can be described as a collective term for any physical, chemical, or combination of those approaches used to enhance certain features of natural soil in order for it to meet the engineering requirements [ 3 , 4 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 21 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review

et al. 2022

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Geopolymers, or also known as alkali-activated binders, have recently emerged as a viable alternative to conventional binders (cement) for soil stabilization. Geopolymers employ alkaline activation of industrial waste to create cementitious products inside treated soils, increasing the clayey soils’ mechanical and physical qualities. This paper aims to review the utilization of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-based geopolymers for soil stabilization by enhancing strength. Previous research only used one type of precursor: fly ash or GGBFS, but the strength value obtained did not meet the ASTM D 4609 (<0.8 Mpa) standard required for soil-stabilizing criteria of road construction applications. This current research focused on the combination of two types of precursors, which are fly ash and GGBFS. The findings of an unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test on stabilized soil samples were discussed. Finally, the paper concludes that GGBFS and fly-ash-based geo-polymers for soil stabilization techniques can be successfully used as a binder for soil stabilization. However, additional research is required to meet the requirement of ASTM D 4609 standard in road construction applications, particularly in subgrade layers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…As the soft subgrade soil (Itapeti) did not meet the design requirements individually and faced the possibility of ineffective compaction using a RMFRM, the material was stabilised with RFBW and 3% cement. Previous studies have highlighted the positive potential of a low percentage of cement to improve the hydro-mechanical properties, compaction, and stabilisation of pavement materials [50][51][52][53][54]. On the other hand, the stiff subgrade soil SPAB, while suitable for subgrade applications, did not require stabilization.…”

Section: Physical-chemical Characterisation and Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Different Track Sub-Ballast Solutions Considering Traffic Loads and Sustainability

Castro,

Saico,

de Moura

et al. 2024

Infrastructures

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The railway industry is seeking high-performance and sustainable solutions for sub-ballast materials, particularly in light of increasing cargo transport demands and climate events. The meticulous design and construction of track bed geomaterials play a crucial role in ensuring an extended track service life. The global push for sustainability has prompted the evaluation of recycling ballast waste within the railway sector, aiming to mitigate environmental contamination, reduce the consumption of natural resources, and lower costs. This study explores materials for application and compaction using a formation rehabilitation machine equipped with an integrated ballast recycling system designed for heavy haul railways. Two recycled ballast-stabilised soil materials underwent investigation, meeting the necessary grain size distribution for the proper compaction and structural conditions. One utilised a low-bearing-capacity silty sand soil stabilised with recycled ballast fouled waste (RFBW) with iron ore at a 3:7 weight ratio, while the second was stabilised with 3% cement. Laboratory tests were conducted to assess their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, and a non-linear elastic finite element numerical model was developed to evaluate the potential of these alternative solutions for railway sub-ballast. The findings indicate the significant potential of using soils stabilised with recycled fouled ballast as sub-ballast for heavy haul tracks, underscoring the advantages of adopting sustainable sub-ballast solutions through the reuse of crushed deteriorated ballast material.

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“…Previous studies have shown that the addition of cement, lime, and other cementing materials to aeolian sand can improve the compactness of aeolian sand and reduce its porosity, thus improving its compressive, shear, and tensile strength [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. At present, aeolian sand has been widely used in the preparation of mortar, concrete, and roadbed filler [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Strength Formation of Unfired Bricks Composed of Aeolian Sand–Loess Composite

Liu,

Guo,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Materials

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Aeolian sand and loess are both natural materials with poor engineering-related properties, and no research has been devoted to exploring aeolian sand–loess composite materials. In this study, we used aeolian sand and loess as the main raw materials to prepare unfired bricks by using the pressing method, along with cement, fly ash, and polypropylene fiber. The effects of different preparation conditions on the physical properties of the unfired bricks were investigated based on compressive strength, water absorption, and softening tests and a freeze–thaw cycle test combined with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analysis to determine the optimal mixing ratio for unfired bricks, and finally, the effects of fibers on the durability of the unfired bricks were investigated. The results reveal that the optimal mixing ratio of the masses of aeolian sand–loess –cement –fly ash–polypropylene fiber–alkali activator–water was 56.10:28.05:9.17:2.40:0.4:0.003:4.24 under a forming pressure of 20 MPa. The composite unfired bricks prepared had a compressive strength of 14.5 MPa at 14 d, with a rate of water absorption of 8.8%, coefficient of softening of 0.92, and rates of the losses of frozen strength and mass of 15.93% and 1.06%, respectively, where these satisfied the requirements of environmentally protective bricks with strength grades of MU10–MU15. During the curing process, silicate and sodium silicate gels tightly connected the particles of aeolian sand and the loess skeleton, and the spatial network formed by the addition of the fibers inhibited the deformation of soil and improved the strength of the unfired bricks.

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Improvement of Pavement Subgrade by Adding Cement and Fly Ash to Natural Desert Sand

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review

Potential of Soil Stabilization Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash via Geopolymerization Method: A Review

Evaluating Different Track Sub-Ballast Solutions Considering Traffic Loads and Sustainability

Mechanism of Strength Formation of Unfired Bricks Composed of Aeolian Sand–Loess Composite

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