“…Thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, consisting of an ultrathin (∼100 nm) polyamide selective layer on an ultrafiltration substrate, are the core for membrane-based desalination and water reuse. , However, conventional TFC membranes are strongly constrained by the “upper bound” trade-off between their water permeance and selectivity . Recently, a new class of thin-film nanocomposite membranes with an interlayered structure (TFNi) have been reported. − Up to date, a wide range of interfacial coatings have been applied (e.g., polyelectrolytes, polydopamine (PDA), − polyphenols, poly(ether ether ketone), halloysite nanotubes, carbon nanotubes, ,− and their derivatives, , ), with some studies showing an order of magnitude higher water permeance and simultaneously enhanced water/solute selectivity for TFNi membranes. ,, …”