Improvement of Psoriasis with Oral Nystatin

Aşçıoğlu, Özcan; Soyuer, Ümit; Aktaş, Ekrem

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5910-4_48

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…may aggravate psoriasis by secreting toxins, and the presence of C. albicans in the gut has been speculated to induce the formation of superantigens, contributing to nonspecific T-cell activation and cytokine production, thereby triggering the psoriatic process (65). In addition, a previous study demonstrated that the outcome of over half of the 50 patients with psoriasis improved following treatments with oral nystatin (66).…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection‑provoked psoriasis: Induced or aggravated (Review)

et al. 2021

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Psoriasis is a common chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory skin disorder, with a reported prevalence of 0.0-2.1% among children and 0.91-8.50% among adults, worldwide. Psoriasis is induced by several environmental factors, including infection, alcohol consumption, drugs, trauma, acute withdrawal of systemic or potent topical corticosteroids, body mass index and endocrine disorders. Increasing evidence suggest that a variety of microorganisms play key roles in the induction and exacerbation of psoriasis. Pathogens, such as streptococci and staphylococci are considered causal factors, presumably via superantigen activation of skin-seeking T cells. In addition, fungal pathogens, such as Candida and Malassezia, and viral agents, such as human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus infection and human papillomavirus, are also closely associated with psoriasis. Recently, several types of pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, Zika virus and scabies, have been reported to potentially trigger psoriasis. The present review discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms by which these infections influence psoriasis to provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

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Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection‑provoked psoriasis: Induced or aggravated (Review)

et al. 2021

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Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

Laurence¹,

Asquith

Rosenbaum

2018

Front. Med.

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Spondyloarthritis is a common type of arthritis which affects mostly adults. It consists of idiopathic chronic inflammation of the spine, joints, eyes, skin, gut, and prostate. Inflammation is often asymptomatic, especially in the gut and prostate. The HLA-B*27 allele group, which presents intracellular peptides to CD8+ T cells, is by far the strongest risk factor for spondyloarthritis. The precise mechanisms and antigens remain unknown. In 1959, Catterall and King advanced a novel hypothesis explaining the etiology of spondyloarthritis: an as-yet-unrecognized sexually acquired microbe would be causing all spondyloarthritis types, including acute anterior uveitis. Recent studies suggest an unrecognized sexually acquired fungal infection may be involved in prostate cancer and perhaps multiple sclerosis. This warrants reanalyzing the Catterall–King hypothesis based on the current literature. In the last decade, many links between spondyloarthritis and fungal infections have been found. Antibodies against the fungal cell wall component mannan are elevated in spondyloarthritis. Functional polymorphisms in genes regulating the innate immune response against fungi have been associated with spondyloarthritis (CARD9 and IL23R). Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease, two common comorbidities of spondyloarthritis, are both strongly associated with fungi. Evidence reviewed here lends credence to the Catterall–King hypothesis and implicates a common fungal etiology in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and spondyloarthritis. However, the evidence available at this time is insufficient to definitely confirm this hypothesis. Future studies investigating the microbiome in relation to these conditions should screen specimens for fungi in addition to bacteria. Future clinical studies of spondyloarthritis should consider antifungals which are effective in psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, such as dimethyl fumarate and nystatin.

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Malassezia and Parkinson's Disease

Laurence¹,

Benito‐León

2019

Front. Neurol.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common debilitating neurodegenerative disease caused by a loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra within the central nervous system (CNS). The process leading to this neuronal loss is poorly understood. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common benign inflammatory condition of the skin which mainly affects lipid-rich regions of the head and trunk. SD is caused by over proliferation of the lipophilic fungus Malassezia . PD and SD are strongly associated. The increased PD risk following an SD diagnosis (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.36, 2.1; p < 0.001) reported by Tanner and colleagues remains unexplained. Malassezia were historically considered commensals confined to the skin. However, many recent studies report finding Malassezia in internal organs, including the CNS. This raises the possibility that Malassezia might be directly contributing to PD. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis. AIDS is causally associated with both parkinsonism and SD, suggesting that weak T cell-mediated control of commensal microbes such as Malassezia might contribute to both. Genetic polymorphisms associated with PD ( LRRK2, GBA, PINK1, SPG11, SNCA ) increase availability of lipids within human cells, providing a suitable environment for Malassezia . Four LRRK2 polymorphisms which increase PD risk also increase Crohn's disease risk; Crohn's disease is strongly associated with an immune response against fungi, particularly Malassezia . Finally, Malassezia hypha formation and melanin synthesis are stimulated by L-DOPA, which could promote Malassezia invasiveness of dopamine neurons, and contribute to the accumulation of melanin in these neurons. Although Malassezia 's presence in the substantia nigra remains to be confirmed, if Malassezia play a role in PD etiology, antifungal drugs should be tested as a possible therapeutic intervention.

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Improvement of Psoriasis with Oral Nystatin

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Infection‑provoked psoriasis: Induced or aggravated (Review)

Infection‑provoked psoriasis: Induced or aggravated (Review)

Spondyloarthritis, Acute Anterior Uveitis, and Fungi: Updating the Catterall–King Hypothesis

Malassezia and Parkinson's Disease

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