Improvement of the adhesion of low-energy polymers by a short-time plasma treatment

Petasch, W.; Räuchle, E.; Walker, M.; Elsner, P.

doi:10.1016/0257-8972(94)08209-x

Cited by 64 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Cold plasma is already a very effective method to modify the surface of natural polymers without changing their bulk properties . This method has been used to increase adhesion and compatibility between two polymers [37][38][39]. Physical treatments change structural and surface properties of the fiber and influence the mechanical bonding with the matrix.…”

Section: Physical Methods Of Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Kozłowski

Władyka-Przybylak

2004

Natural Fibers, Plastics and Composites

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Abstract:Plants, such as flax, cotton, hemp, jute , sisal, kenaf, coir, pineapple , ramie, bamboo , banana, as well as wood, are a source of lignocellulosic fibers. Their availability, renewability, low density and price as well as satisfactory mechanical properties make them attractive reinforcing fibers in the manufacture of composites . The natural fiber containing composites are used in transportation (automobiles , railway coaches, aero-space), military applications, building and construction industries (ceiling paneling, partition boards), packaging, and consumer products. INTRODUCTIONNatural fiber reinforced composites can be divided into groups: 1) conventional panel type composites where lignocellulosics serve as the main ingredient, e.g., particleboards, fiberboards, and insulation boards, with organic binding materials, including natural binders like lignin and tannin; 2) lignocellulosic-mineral composites which are based on inorganic binding materials; 3) natural fiber reinforced polymers, in which the lignocellulosics serve as reinforcing fillers within matrix materials such as thermoplastics , thermosetting plastics and rubbers; and 4) nonwoven textile type composites.The most important natural fiber composites are listed in Table 1 [1, 2]. The properties of composites depend on those of the individual components and on their interfacial compatibility . CONVENTIONAL COMPOSITE BOARDSConventional composites fall into two main categories based on the physical configuration of the lignocellulosics: particleboards and fiberboards. Within each category are low, medium, and high density classifications. Also, both wet and dry processes are used for each category of composite. Conventional composites typically use a heat-curing adhesive to hold the lignocellulosic component together [3].Table1. Composites ParticleboardsThe main lignocellulosic raw material used in the particle and fiberboard industries is wood, but in many countries other agriculturally based materials are successfully utilized. Annual plant waste such as flax and hemp shives, jute stalks, bagasse, reed stalks, cotton stalks, grass-like Miscantus, vetiver roots, rape straw, oil flax straw, small grain straw, peanut husks, rice husks, grapevine stalks and palm stalks are cheap and valuable raw materials for lignocellulosic board production.The production technology is similar to that for lignocellulosic board production from wood particles. All particleboards are currently made using the dry process, in which air is used to randomize and distribute the particles prior to pressing. The specifics of board production from annual plant waste are concerned with raw material preparation, including purification and sorting of the material [I, 2].One of the most important advantages of these boards is the ability to produce a wide spectrum of densities from 300 to 750 kg/m' (see Table 2). Annual plant waste boards are mainly used in the building and furniture making industries, and in transportation [4]. Particleboards, readily made from a vari...

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Section: Physical Methods Of Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Kozłowski

Władyka-Przybylak

2004

Natural Fibers, Plastics and Composites

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“…Functionalized polymers are used as compatibilizers in the reactive compatibilization of polymer blends3 and can be obtained by the graft copolymerization of functional monomers with existing polymers. Graft polymerization can be initiated by various methods, such as high energy (γ rays and electron beams),4, 5 plasma treatment,6 ultraviolet,7, 8 chemical initiators (including graft polymerization in solution and in melt), and polymer oxidation. Methacrylic acid,9 styrene,10–13 acrylic acid,14 benzyl acrylate,15 maleic anhydride (MAH),16 glycidyl methacrylate, acryl amide,17 oxazoline,2, 18 and long‐chain unsaturated monomers19, 20 are among the monomers most commonly grafted onto polymers containing butadiene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer by grafting with maleic anhydride in the melt. I. Preparation and characterization

Qian

Zhou

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) was carried out with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the binary initiators and with styrene as the comonomer in the molten state. IR spectra confirmed that MAH was successfully grafted onto the ABS backbone. A reaction mechanism was proposed: the grafting most likely took place through the addition of MAH radicals to the double bond of the butadiene region of ABS. Influences such as the MAH concentration, the initiators and their concentrations, the reaction temperature, the rotating speed, and the comonomer concentration were studied. The results indicated that using styrene as a comonomer and DCP/BPO as binary initiators was beneficial for the graft copolymerization.

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“…The reason for the higher O/C ratio at longer exposure time is possibly a higher depth of modification creating a WBL below the surface and increased LMWOMs, as discussed earlier. The overtreatment, therefore, leads to subsurface weakening and poor cohesive bonding of the polymer material in the subsurface layer, [12] which becomes the weakest region in a joint. Hence, the short exposure time accompanied by a rapid increase in the polar component of surface energy is preferable, because it results in an appreciable increase in the LSTS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of Lap Shear Tensile Strength of Polycarbonate–Mild Steel Adhesive Joints with DC Glow Discharge Modified Polycarbonate

Panwar

Barthwal

Ray

2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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It has been observed that the wettability/surface energy of polycarbonate (PC) changes with the variation in process parameters, such as discharge power and time of exposure of DC glow discharge. The wettability of the PC surface has been measured by the contact angle measurements of two test liquids, such as water and formamide, by the sessile drop method. The lap shear tensile strength (LSTS) of PC to the mild steel (MS) adhesive joint has been measured with both the as-received polymer and those exposed under DC glow discharge. An appreciable increase in the LSTS has been attained for samples treated under DC glow discharge at a lower power level and also at a short exposure time at higher power. This increase in LSTS is attributed to increased polar surface energy with increasing power and time of exposure. After a certain level of surface modification of the PC, the strength of the adhesive joint deteriorates, while the total surface energy and its polar component may increase continuously. The subsurface damage taking place particularly at long exposure times and at higher power may lead to deterioration of LSTS in spite of a strong interface between the polymer and the adhesive. In such a case, the joint is observed to fracture not across the interface but through the subsurface. The optimum exposure limits the subsurface damage while creating a strong interface.

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Improvement of the adhesion of low-energy polymers by a short-time plasma treatment

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Modification of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer by grafting with maleic anhydride in the melt. I. Preparation and characterization

Variation of Lap Shear Tensile Strength of Polycarbonate–Mild Steel Adhesive Joints with DC Glow Discharge Modified Polycarbonate

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