Improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the clock signal for the frequency standard based on ¹¹³Cd^+ ions

Towards a high-performance microwave frequency standard based on ¹¹³Cd⁺ ions

“…improve to reach what we expected. We investigated the reasons for the undesirable frequency stability, and the results indicate that the temperature rising of ions due to the radio frequency heating degrades the SNR [15]. The other limit is the Dick effect caused by the phase noise of the local oscillator.…”

“…According to our previous investigation [15], the fluorescence decay during detection can be reduced greatly if the temperature of 113 Cd + ions can always be kept at a low value. This will give us better SNR to improve short-term frequency stability.…”