Improvement of the wet steam ejector performance in a refrigeration cycle via changing the ejector geometry by a novel EEC (Entropy generation, Entrainment ratio, and Coefficient of performance) method

Practical Mitigation Strategies for Countering the Spread of Aerosolized COVID-19 Virus (SARS-CoV-2) Using Ventilation and HEPA Air Purifiers: A Literature Review

“…The computational fluid mechanics approach in modelling droplet motion and distribution is well-documented in the fluid mechanics literature (Dolatabadi et al, 2021;Hoseinzade et al, 2021;Yazdani & Lakzian, 2020;Foroozeh et al, 2020;Hosseini & Lakzian, 2020). Several researchers have also used a CFD approach to examine the distribution of airborne COVID-19 virus droplets, under various environmental conditions, in school as well as in other environments.…”

A coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Wells-Riley model to predict COVID-19 infection probability for passengers on long-distance trains

“…Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a well-established modelling approach for simulating fluid flows within complex environments ( Patankar, 1980 ). Established applications of CFD include vehicle aerodynamics ( Gu et al, 2018 , Thabet and Thabit, 2018 ), fire simulation ( Galea, 1989 ), ventilation studies ( Wang et al, 2014 ), refrigeration ( Foroozesh et al, 2020 ) and turbine design ( Hoseinzade et al, 2021 , Yazdani and Lakzian, 2020 ). CFD has also been used to model the transmission of airborne infectious disease through the simulation of the transport of respiratory aerosols within ventilated spaces ( Peng et al, 2020 ).…”

“…CFD has also been used to model the transmission of airborne infectious disease through the simulation of the transport of respiratory aerosols within ventilated spaces ( Peng et al, 2020 ). There are broadly two methodologies to simulate the dispersion of aerosols in CFD: the Eulerian approach, where the aerosol cloud is approximated by a scalar gas tracer ( Foroozesh et al, 2020 , Hoseinzade et al, 2021 ); and the Lagrangian approach, where the aerosols are treated as a distribution of suspended particles with specific masses, volumes and physical properties ( Wang et al, 2014 , Yazdani and Lakzian, 2020 , Crowe et al, 1977 ). Heathway et al ( Hathway et al, 2011 ) demonstrated, through comparison with experimental data that both Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches are appropriate for modelling small bioaerosols.…”

Risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a car cabin assessed through 3D CFD simulations

“…For these reasons, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) represent an essential approach to investigate the risk of infection in car cabins as it provides detailed information about spatial and temporal virus‐laden particle distribution, as a function of specific boundary conditions and ventilation scenarios, by solving the well‐known mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations alongside with a proper turbulence model 36‐42 . To this end, in our previous study we investigated the particle dispersion in a car cabin through an Eulerian‐Lagrangian approach able to perform transient non‐isothermal numerical analyses 34 .…”

“…For these reasons, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) represent an essential approach to investigate the risk of infection in car cabins as it provides detailed information about spatial and temporal virus‐laden particle distribution, as a function of specific boundary conditions and ventilation scenarios, by solving the well‐known mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations alongside with a proper turbulence model. 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 To this end, in our previous study we investigated the particle dispersion in a car cabin through an Eulerian‐Lagrangian approach able to perform transient non‐isothermal numerical analyses. 34 Such an approach was also experimentally validated against PIV measurements available in the scientific literature 43 , 44 then providing a validated and suitable approach which can be applied to investigate numerically particle dispersion problems in similar environments.…”