Improvement of transparent silver thin film anodes for organic solar cells with a decreased percolation threshold of silver

Wang, Zhizhe; Zhang, Chunfu; Gao, Rui; Chen, Dazheng; Tang, Shi; Wang, Dong; Lü, Xiaoli; Hao, Yue

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2014.04.024

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Here, our top cell adopted the structure of glass/ITO/ PEDOT:PSS/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x /PCBM/BCP/ultrathin-Ag/ 3 Journal of Nanomaterials MoO 3 . In details, an ultrathin Ag film of 11 nm is chosen as the transparent cathode as the percolation threshold of Ag thickness in our laboratory is 11 nm at which the acceptable transmittance and conductivity can be obtained [38]. To further improve the optical properties of the Ag electrode, the 10 nm thick MoO 3 optical coupling layer is evaporated to act as the antireflector which enhances the transmittance of the Ag electrode; it could also reflect some of the transmitted light back into the perovskite and improve the light absorption in the top cell.…”

Section: Device Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

Chen

Pang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Four-terminal tandem solar cells employing a perovskite top cell and crystalline silicon (Si) bottom cell offer a simpler pathway to surpass the efficiency limit of market-leading single-junction silicon solar cells. To obtain cost-effective top cells, it is crucial to develop transparent conductive electrodes with low parasitic absorption and manufacturing cost. The commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO) shows some drawbacks, like the increasing prices and high-energy magnetron sputtering process. Transparent metal electrodes are promising candidates owing to the simple evaporation process, facile process conditions, and high conductivity, and the cheaper silver (Ag) electrode with lower parasitic absorption than gold may be the better choice. In this work, efficient semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were firstly developed by adopting the composite cathode of an ultrathin Ag electrode at its percolation threshold thickness (11 nm), a molybdenum oxide optical coupling layer, and a bathocuproine interfacial layer. The resulting power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 13.38% when the PSC is illuminated from the ITO side and the PCE is 8.34% from the Ag side, and no obvious current hysteresis can be observed. Furthermore, by stacking an industrial Si bottom cell (PCE = 14.2%) to build a four-terminal architecture, the overall PCEs of 17.03% (ITO side) and 11.60% (Ag side) can be obtained, which are 27% and 39% higher, respectively, than those of the perovskite top cell. Also, the PCE of the tandem cell has exceeded that of the reference Si solar cell by about 20%. This work provides an outlook to fabricate high-performance solar cells via the cost-effective pathway.

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Section: Device Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

Chen

Pang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…It has been reported in our previous works that the introduction of 2 nm thick unclosed MoO 3 layer may create preferred nucleation sites on the substrate to enhance the lateral growth of Ag film, which improves the electrical, optical, and morphological properties of MoO 3 /Ag electrodes [32][33][34]. Based on the optimal MoO 3 (2 nm)/Ag (9 nm) anode with high transparency and good conductivity, ITOfree OSCs with a conventional structure are fabricated on glass substrates, and the resulted device shows the comparable performance compared to the ITO-based reference OSCs [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Secondly, the dried glass substrates were transferred into an ultrahigh vacuum chamber with a pressure below 5 × 10 −4 Pa. To obtain the MoO 3 /Ag electrodes, MoO 3 and Ag films were thermally evaporated on glass substrates sequentially with the evaporation rate of 0.02 nm/s and 0.1 nm/s, and the details of electrode deposition can be found in our previous works [32][33][34]. The thickness of 2 nm given here has to be a nominal value obtained by the quartz crystal monitor calibrated with a step profiler, representing the amount of MoO 3 on the sample.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the optimal MoO 3 (2 nm)/Ag (9 nm) anode with high transparency and good conductivity, ITOfree OSCs with a conventional structure are fabricated on glass substrates, and the resulted device shows the comparable performance compared to the ITO-based reference OSCs [32,33]. Furthermore, flexible ITO-free OSCs fabricated on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates exhibit a good performance and excellent mechanical flexibility [34], which reveals the potential of Ag electrode for the roll-to-roll mass fabrication of OSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Inverted ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells Based on Transparent Silver Electrode with Aqueous Solution-Processed ZnO Interlayer

Wang

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Efficient inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) with the MoO 3 (2 nm)/Ag (12 nm) transparent cathode and an aqueous solution ZnO electron extraction layer processed at low temperature are investigated in this work. The blend of low bandgap poly [[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)and [6,6]-phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methylester (PC 71 BM) is employed as the photoactive layer here. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.55% is achieved for such indium tin oxide-(ITO-) free OSCs under AM 1.5G simulated illumination, comparable to that of ITO-based reference OSCs (PCE of 6.11%). It is found that this ZnO interlayer not only slightly enhances the transparency of MoO 3 /Ag cathode but also obtains a lower root-mean-square (RMS) roughness on the MoO 3 /Ag surface. Meanwhile, ITO-free OSCs also show a good stability. The PCE of the devices still remains above 85% of the original values after 30 days, which is slightly superior to ITO-based reference OSCs where the 16% degradation in PCE is observed after 30 days. It may be instructive for further research of OSCs based on metal thin film electrodes.

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“…Solar cells as an economic approach to utilize solar energy have been developed for over six decades, and the most pivotal part of a solar cell is the absorber [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Recently, one material named organometal halide perovskite has caught tremendous attention in solar cell society [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A PCBM-Modified TiO₂ Blocking Layer towards Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Lü¹,

Pang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Organometal halide perovskite as a promising absorber in solar cells has caught tremendous attention in the past few years. Herein, a hydrophobic PCBM layer was introduced into planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells to form the TiO 2 /PCBM double blocking layer. The bilayer structure assures the formation of a dense, smooth, and pinhole-free blocking layer. And the PCBM layer can also be in favor of larger grain size perovskite film and further passivate the TiO 2 blocking layer. Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results suggest the formation of a uniform and compact CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x perovskite layer on the PCBM-modified TiO 2 blocking layer. The solar cell has reached a PCE up to 16.37%, which is greatly larger than the control device with a PCE of 10.81%.

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Improvement of transparent silver thin film anodes for organic solar cells with a decreased percolation threshold of silver

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

Efficient Inverted ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells Based on Transparent Silver Electrode with Aqueous Solution-Processed ZnO Interlayer

A PCBM-Modified TiO₂ Blocking Layer towards Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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Improvement of transparent silver thin film anodes for organic solar cells with a decreased percolation threshold of silver

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Transparent Silver Electrode and Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Device Exploration

Efficient Inverted ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells Based on Transparent Silver Electrode with Aqueous Solution-Processed ZnO Interlayer

A PCBM-Modified TiO2 Blocking Layer towards Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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A PCBM-Modified TiO₂ Blocking Layer towards Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells