“…binary trials. Specifically, the state space of the auxiliary Markov chain Y t , t = 0,1, … , in this case is where Y t = ( r , s , w , v ) if after the t ‐th trial, there are r consecutive successes on the last trials, s successes on the whole sequence of trials, w consecutive failures on the last trials and a total number of v failures; the absorbing states { abs 1 , abs 2 } correspond to the cases when one of the two termination criteria have been met and are of a similar form to those used by Yue et al . The resulting transition probability matrix is again of the form , which along with the relations …”