Improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after lifestyle intervention are related to changes in serum fatty acid profile and desaturase activities: the SLIM study

Corpeleijn, Eva; Feskens, Edith J. M.; Jansen, Eugène; Mensink, Marco; Saris, Wim H. M.; Bruin, T.W.A. de; Blaak, Ellen E.

doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0383-4

Cited by 115 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…There are indications that dietary fat quality may have an impact on pathways of FA handling and insulin sensitivity. Indeed, dietary intervention, including a reduction in SFA, has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity (38,39) , possibly through effects on muscle lipid handling, although data are not consistent (40)(41)(42)(43) . PUFA may reduce lipid overflow through inducing adipocyte differentiation thereby increasing lipid uptake as shown in a human preadipocyte cell line (44) .…”

Section: Dietary Fat Quality and Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes

Blaak

2017

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The obese insulin resistant and/or prediabetic state is characterised by systemic lipid overflow, mainly driven by an impaired lipid buffering capacity of adipose tissue, and an impaired capacity of skeletal muscle to increase fat oxidation upon increased supply. This leads to the accumulation of bioactive lipid metabolites in skeletal muscle interfering with insulin sensitivity via various mechanisms. In this review, the contribution of dietary v. endogenous fatty acids to lipid overflow, their extraction or uptake by skeletal muscle as well as the fractional synthetic rate, content and composition of the muscle lipid pools is discussed in relation to the development or presence of insulin resistance and/or an impaired glucose metabolism. These parameters are studied in vivo in man by combining a dual stable isotope methodology with [ 2 H 2 ]-and [U-13 C]-palmitate tracers with the arterio-venous balance technique across forearm muscle and biochemical analyses in muscle biopsies. The insulin-resistant state is characterised by an elevated muscle TAG extraction, despite similar supply, and a reduced skeletal muscle lipid turnover, in particular after intake of a high fat, SFA fat meal, but not after a high fat, PUFA meal. Data are placed in the context of current literature, and underlying mechanisms and implications for long-term nutritional interventions are discussed. The prevalence of overweight and overweight-related metabolic disturbances is increasing at an alarming rate. Worldwide more than 50 % of the adults is overweight (>one billion individuals) and a further 12 % (475 million) can be classified as clinically obese. Every year at least 2·8 million adults die as a result of being overweight/obese (http://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_fac-tors/overweight/en). Obesity is an important risk factor for chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CVD. A disturbed lipid metabolism in multiple tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas may play an important role in the development of insulin resistance (IR), an impaired glucose metabolism and T2DM. These disturbances, in particular an impaired adipose tissue lipid handling, may lead to systemic lipid overflow, increased circulating concentrations of NEFA and TAG and accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissues (1)(2)(3)(4) . This lipid overflow together with an impaired capacity to adjust fatty acid (FA) oxidation to FA supply in skeletal muscle (metabolic inflexibility (3) ) may cause excess fat storage in skeletal muscle, which is related to the development or worsening of IR. IR in concert with progressive β-cell failure leads to an increased blood glucose concentration in the non-diabetic range, classified as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IFG (fasting glucose >5·6 mM/l) and IGT (2 h oral glucose tolerance testderived glucose concentration >7·8 mM) are intermediate states in the transition from a normal glucose tolerance towards T2DM. IFG and IGT may represent dis...

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Section: Dietary Fat Quality and Skeletal Muscle Fatty Acid Handlingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes

Blaak

2017

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…Seven RCTs with more than 1,200 men and 970 women compared lifestyle interventions with treatment as usual [2,14,15,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][48][49][50][51]. Follow-up periods lasted up to 6 years.…”

Section: Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People in control groups received counselling about diabetes, verbal and written information about diet and exercise or consultation of a dietitian at the beginning of the study phase. Six studies provided sexstratified data on 1,644 men and women with prediabetes for meta-analyses of the effect of lifestyle interventions on diabetes incidence, body weight, fasting plasma glucose and 2 h post-challenge-glucose after 1 and 3 years of follow-up [2,15,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific differences in diabetes prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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Aims/hypothesis In people with prediabetes, lifestyle interventions and glucose-lowering medications are effective in preventing the progression to type 2 diabetes. It is unclear whether differences in treatment effects between men and women need to be taken into consideration when choosing a preventive strategy for an individual person. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and reference lists of pertinent review articles from 1980 to June 2013. We conducted random effects meta-analyses of published and unpublished data to determine differences of treatment effects between men and women. Conclusions/interpretation Our study emphasises the importance of preventive interventions in people with prediabetes and indicates no differences of beneficial preventive effects on the incidence of type 2 diabetes and weight gain between men and women.

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“…Beneficial changes in the CE fatty acid profile and DA ratios were related to improved insulin sensitivity in a population at risk for type 2 diabetes. 51 Lowering the intake of dietary total and saturated fat and increasing physical activity promotes reductions in D9 and D6 DAs, at the same time D5 increases. Type of dietary fatty acid intake plays an important role in modulating fatty acid metabolism.…”

Section: Monounsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2008

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Aim/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to describe the relation of serum fatty acids and desaturase activity (DA) to overweight, insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adolescents. Methods: The relations of % serum phospholipid (PL) and cholesteryl ester (CE) fatty acids and estimated DA with CVD risk factors were examined in 264 adolescents (average age 15 years). Fatty acids were determined by gas liquid chromotography. Surrogate measures of DA were expressed as ratios of serum fatty acids: D9 DA ¼ 16:0/16:1; D6 DA ¼ 20:3,n6/18:2,n6 (PL) or 18:3,n6/18:2,n6 (CE); and D5 DA ¼ 20:4,n6/20:3,n6. Spearman partial correlations of fatty acids (%) and DA ratios with CVD risk factors were reported, adjusting for age, sex, race, Tanner stage, energy intake and physical activity. Results: Overweight adolescents compared to normal weight had more adverse levels of CVD risk factors, composition of PL and CE fatty acids in serum, and D6 DA and D5 DA ratios. Linoleic acid was inversely related to body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and triglycerides (Pp0.01). Dihomo-g-linolenic acid was positively related to BMI, waist, insulin, and triglycerides, and inversely related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (Pp0.01). D6 DA was adversely associated with most of the risk factors (Pp0.01), whereas triglycerides and fasting insulin were beneficially related to D5 DA (Pp0.01). Conclusion: These findings support those observed in adults, that factors, such as type of dietary fat, physical activity, and obesity, may influence fatty acid metabolism and are important in the development of adverse CVD risk factors as early as adolescence.

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Improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after lifestyle intervention are related to changes in serum fatty acid profile and desaturase activities: the SLIM study

Cited by 115 publications

References 43 publications

Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes

Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes

Sex-specific differences in diabetes prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Serum phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fatty acids and estimated desaturase activities are related to overweight and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

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