Improving a gas ion source for 14C AMS

Fahrni, Simon; Wacker, Lukas; Synal, Hans-Arno; Szidat, Sönke

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2012.03.037

Cited by 108 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Chemical Pretreatment: PyC Oxidation and BPCA Extraction The archeological (MA) and laboratory (W450) model charcoals are described in a previous study (Gierga et al 2014). The archeological charcoal was found in pyroclastic deposits at Maninjau, Sumatra (Alloway et al 2004) and had an F 14 C = 0.003 ± 0.001 (ETH-50456) whereas the laboratory charcoal was obtained from the pyrolysis of chestnut woodchips under controlled conditions in the laboratory (Hammes et al 2006) and had an F 14 C = 1.149 ± 0.004 (ETH-50457).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The archeological charcoal was found in pyroclastic deposits at Maninjau, Sumatra (Alloway et al 2004) and had an F 14 C = 0.003 ± 0.001 (ETH-50456) whereas the laboratory charcoal was obtained from the pyrolysis of chestnut woodchips under controlled conditions in the laboratory (Hammes et al 2006) and had an F 14 C = 1.149 ± 0.004 (ETH-50457). For both samples, bulk 14 C values were determined after acid-base-acid pretreatment ahead of the analysis to remove extraneous organic matter (Gierga et al 2014). …”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, the BPCA analysis method has been adapted for liquid chromatography (LC) (Dittmar 2008;Schneider et al 2011). This LC-based method allows for preparative isolation of individual BPCAs for isotopic analysis without derivatization prior to chromatographic separation (Gierga et al 2014;Wiedemeier et al 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is especially well suited to CSRA of water-soluble carbon compounds with low volatility. It has recently been demonstrated that BPCAs can be purified using preparative LC (LC prep ), then oxidized via WCO and measured for 14 C using a gas ion source-equipped AMS (Gierga et al 2014). The integration of multiple process standards with minimal additional effort introduces a new level of blank assessment that can greatly improve the quality of small-scale 14 C data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive radiocarbon analysis of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) derived from pyrogenic carbon in environmental samples

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) yields molecular-level, source-specific information necessary to constrain isotopic signatures of pyrogenic carbon. However, the purification of individual BPCAs requires a multistep procedure that typically results in only microgram quantities of the target analyte(s). Such small samples are highly susceptible to contamination by extraneous carbon, which needs to be minimized and carefully accounted for in order to yield accurate results. Here, we undertook comprehensive characterization and quantification of contamination associated with molecular radiocarbon ( 14 C) BPCA analyses through systematic processing of multiple authentic standards with both fossil and modern 14 C signatures at various concentrations. Using this approach, we precisely apportion the contribution of extraneous carbon with respect to the four implemented subprocedures. Assuming a constant source and quantity of extraneous carbon we correct and statistically evaluate uncertainties in resulting 14 C data. Subsequently, we examine the results of triplicate analyses of reference materials representing four different environmental matrices (sediment, soil, aerosol, riverine natural organic matter) and apportion their BPCA sources in terms of carbon residues derived from biomass or fossil fuel combustion. This comprehensive approach to CSRA facilitates retrieval of robust 14 C data, with application in environmental studies of the continuum of pyrogenic carbon.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive radiocarbon analysis of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) derived from pyrogenic carbon in environmental samples

et al. 2017

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“…Gas ion sources (GIS) developed for 14 C accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) accept CO 2 gas directly, allowing analytical instrumentation to be directly interfaced to an AMS (Middleton et al 1989;Bronk Ramsey and Hedges 1990;Roberts et al 2011;Fahrni et al 2013). Routine analysis has been achieved with an elemental analyzer (EA) for bulk and compound specific samples containing 5-100 µg of carbon; however, precision is reduced due to lower source efficiency (Ruff et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Precision of Radiocarbon Measurements for CH₄ and CO₂ Using GC and Continuous-Flow AMS Achieved by Summation of Repeated Injections

McIntyre

McNichol²,

Roberts³

et al. 2013

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. Compound specific radiocarbon measurements can be made instantaneously using a gas chromatograph (GC) combustion system coupled to a 14 C AMS system fitted with a gas ion source. Samples below 10 µg C can be analyzed but the precision is reduced to 5-10% because of lower source efficiency. We modified our GC for CH 4 and CO 2 analysis and injected samples multiple times to sum data and increase precision. We attained a maximum precision of 0.6% for modern CO 2 from 25 injections of 27 µg C and a background of ~0.5% (40 kyr) for ancient methane. The 14 C content of dissolved CO 2 and CH 4 in water samples collected at a deep-sea hydrothermal vent and a serpentine mud volcano was measured and the results for the vent sample are consistent with previously published data. Further experiments are required to determine a calibration and correction procedure to maximize accuracy.

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Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and its Applications

Hellborg

Skog

Stenström

2003

Digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics

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In this overview, the technique of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and its applications are described. AMS is a highly sensitive method of counting atoms. It is used to detect very low concentrations of natural isotopic abundances (typically in the range between 10 −12 and 10 −16 ) of both radionuclides and stable nuclides. The main advantages of AMS compared to conventional radiometric methods are the use of smaller samples (milligram and even submilligram size) and shorter measuring times (<1 h). The equipment used for AMS is almost exclusively based on the tandem accelerator, although some of the newest systems are based on a slightly different principle. The most widely used isotope studied with AMS is 14 C. Besides radiocarbon dating, this isotope is used in climate studies, biomedicine applications, and many other fields. Worldwide, more than 100 000 14 C samples are measured per year. Other isotopes studied include 10 Be, 26 Al, 36 Cl, 41 Ca, 59 Ni, 129 I, U, and Pu. Although these measurements are important, the number of samples of these other isotopes measured each year is estimated to be <10% of the number of 14 C samples.

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Improving a gas ion source for 14C AMS

Cited by 108 publications

References 27 publications

Comprehensive radiocarbon analysis of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) derived from pyrogenic carbon in environmental samples

Comprehensive radiocarbon analysis of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) derived from pyrogenic carbon in environmental samples

Improved Precision of Radiocarbon Measurements for CH₄ and CO₂ Using GC and Continuous-Flow AMS Achieved by Summation of Repeated Injections

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and its Applications

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Improving a gas ion source for 14C AMS

Cited by 108 publications

References 27 publications

Comprehensive radiocarbon analysis of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) derived from pyrogenic carbon in environmental samples

Comprehensive radiocarbon analysis of benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) derived from pyrogenic carbon in environmental samples

Improved Precision of Radiocarbon Measurements for CH4 and CO2 Using GC and Continuous-Flow AMS Achieved by Summation of Repeated Injections

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and its Applications

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Improved Precision of Radiocarbon Measurements for CH₄ and CO₂ Using GC and Continuous-Flow AMS Achieved by Summation of Repeated Injections