Improving access to the tractor cab: an experimental study

Bottoms, D.J.; Barber, Tanya; Chisholm, C.J.

doi:10.1016/0021-8634(79)90069-6

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Facing outward is typical behavior for walking down a staircase, however, the access path on an agricultural machine more closely resembles a ladder than a staircase. Bottoms et al (1979) reported step widths of 300-400 mm, which closely matches the minimum distance between side rails of a wall ladder (ASABE 2008). In their research, Bottoms et al (1979) instructed participants to "climb out backwards" when studying factors affecting access to a tractor cab; this provides evidence that the intended behavior during egress is to dismount facing towards the tractor.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Bottoms et al (1979) reported step widths of 300-400 mm, which closely matches the minimum distance between side rails of a wall ladder (ASABE 2008). In their research, Bottoms et al (1979) instructed participants to "climb out backwards" when studying factors affecting access to a tractor cab; this provides evidence that the intended behavior during egress is to dismount facing towards the tractor. It is important to note that Leskinen et al (2002) reported that their research participants had more difficulty maintaining proper grip of the access path handrails during egress than ingress because of facing outward.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Comparison of forward-facing and backward-facing tractor egress

Mann¹,

Hesketh²,

Morrison³

2017

Can. Biosyst. Eng.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Comparison of forward-facing and backward-facing tractor egress

Mann¹,

Hesketh²,

Morrison³

2017

Can. Biosyst. Eng.

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“…Previous research has also identified key elements of the access system that are critical for safe ingress and egress. Design guidelines have been recommended for the cab, ladders and ladder rungs, steps, and handrails leading into the cab (Bottoms, 1983; Bottoms et al, 1979; Gavan et al, 1980). Even with established guidelines, there may be issues with compliance with the current guidelines and standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of injuries to front-end loader operators during ingress and egress

Nasarwanji

Pollard

Porter

2018

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

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Slips, trips, and falls from mobile mining equipment have been documented for decades. However, little research has been conducted to determine the events precipitating these incidents during ingress or egress. This study examined slips, trips, and falls sustained during ingress or egress from front-end loaders to determine the frequencies of factors that may contribute to injuries. Non-fatal injuries, when getting on or off of front-end wheel loaders specifically, were identified, coded, and analyzed from the Mine Safety and Health Administration's accidents, injuries, and illnesses database. Overall trends, events that precipitated the injury, injuries sustained, contributing factors, location of the individual, and equipment characteristics were analyzed. More incidents occurred during egress (63%); and egress is believed to be more hazardous than ingress. Foot slips were the most common event that precipitated the incident and the leading cause of these was contaminants on the equipment. Misstep, loss of footing, and step on/in related incidents were more common during egress and are likely due to the operator's reduced visibility when descending a ladder facing the equipment, limiting their ability to detect hazards. Egress also makes an operator less capable of avoiding unsafe ground conditions as indicated by the significant number of step on/in injuries occurring on the ground during egress. Most of the front-end loaders associated with the incidents were found to have bottom rungs with flexible rails, which may also increase fall risk during egress due to inconsistent rung heights and lengthy transition areas from the ground, through the flexible-railed rungs, to the rungs with rigid rails. Recommendations are provided to reduce the risk for slips, trips, and falls from mobile mining equipment.

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“…5). Bottom et al (1979) determined that the speed of entry in a tractor cab increased linearly for door areas up to 0.75 m 2 and then levelled off (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Space Restrictions and Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Speed and errors of traversing a doorway as a function of doorway width(Drury, 1985).DOOR ARLA, Variation in the speed of entry to a tractor cab with doorway area(Bottom et al, 1979).Personal space (PS)According toSommer (1959), PS is portable, invisibly bounded, personcentered space that is characterized by withdrawal upon intrusion Bennett (1978). divides PS into the following three categories: intimate space (interpersonal distance between 0.46 m and 0.61 m), friendly space (interpersonal distance between 0.69 m and 1.22 m), and formal space (interpersonal distance between 2.13 m and 3.66 m).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Workspace Clearance and Access Dimensions and Design Guidelines

Mital

1991

Advances in Human Factors/Ergonomics

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Improving access to the tractor cab: an experimental study

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of forward-facing and backward-facing tractor egress

Comparison of forward-facing and backward-facing tractor egress

An analysis of injuries to front-end loader operators during ingress and egress

Workspace Clearance and Access Dimensions and Design Guidelines

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