Improving and predicting the mechanical properties of foamed and stretched composite poly(lactic acid) films

Hussain, Sadakat; Dickson, Alan R.

doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.3

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, beyond 3 wt.% CNF concentration, increase in stiffness which limited the foaming of the polymers was observed. Hussain and Dickson 80 recorded about 3.5 times the original stiffness value due to strain hardening effects when semicrystalline PLA was reinforced with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at about 10 wt.% loading and foamed with liquid CO 2 in the batch process. Uniaxially stretching the foams at different ratios showed that MCC was randomly oriented and well dispe rsed within the PLA matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compostable, fully biobased foams using PLA and micro cellulose for zero energy buildings

Oluwabunmi

D’Souza

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Ecological, health and environmental concerns are driving the need for bio-resourced foams for the building industry. In this paper, we examine foams made from polylactic acid (PLA) and micro cellulose fibrils (MCF). To ensure no volatile organic compounds in the foam, supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) physical foaming of melt mixed systems was conducted. Mechanical and thermal conductivity properties were determined and applied to a net zero energy model house. The results showed that MCF had a concentration dependent impact on the foams. First structurally, the presence of MCF led to an initial increase followed by a decrease of open porosity, higher bulk density, lower expansion ratios and cell size. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that MCF decreased the glass transition of PLA allowing for a decrease in cell wall thickness when MCF was added. The mechanical performance initially increased with MCF and then decreased. This trend was mimicked by thermal insulation which initially improved. Biodegradation tests showed that the presence of cellulose in PLA improved the compostability of the foams. A maximum comparative mineralization of 95% was obtained for the PLA foam with 3 wt.% MCF when expressed as a fractional percentage of the pure cellulose reference. Energy simulations run on a model house showed that relative to an insulation of polyurethane, the bio-resourced foams led to no more than a 12% increase in heating and cooling. The energy efficiency of the foams was best at low MCF fractions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compostable, fully biobased foams using PLA and micro cellulose for zero energy buildings

Oluwabunmi

D’Souza

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Polymer foams are two-phase materials with statistically distributed macromolecular size gas bubbles in the polymer [1]. Polymer foams are most commonly made from polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) and polypropylene (PP), but nowadays, the use of polylactic acid (PLA) is increasing continuously as well [2][3][4][5]. Polymer foams have different properties depending on manufacturing technology, the amount and size of gas bubbles, and the applied solid matrix material, but they have considerably lower density than solid polymers (10-400 kg/m 3 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer foams have different properties depending on manufacturing technology, the amount and size of gas bubbles, and the applied solid matrix material, but they have considerably lower density than solid polymers (10-400 kg/m 3 ). In general, they are good insulators of heat and sound, resistant to chemicals, and have good impact damping properties [2][3][4][5]. For this reason, engineering foams are mostly used in the packaging, automotive, electronic, building, toy, leather and shoe industries, as well as for producing sporting and household goods [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static and dynamic mechanical characterization of cross-linked polyethylene foams: The effect of density

Kmetty¹,

Tomin²,

Bárány³

et al. 2020

Express Polym. Lett.

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We performed the complex static and dynamic mechanical characterization of cross-linked polyethylene foams; we investigated the effect of foam density on various mechanical properties and the relationship between cell structure and mechanical behavior. The impact damping and energy absorption properties of the foams were determined by falling weight impact tests, while static mechanical properties were determined by compression and compression set tests. The experimental results validated our hypothesis that the relationship between the above-mentioned mechanical properties and density can be described with the power law with good approximation.

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“…Polylactic acid (PLA) is a natural polymer produced from fermented starch of corn, rice, wheat, or sugarcane and can be used in many applications such as in formation of bottles, films, food packaging, and service ware. PLA is biodegradable and has good process ability and good optical properties 4,5 . However, PLA is too brittle to be used as thin films, 6 therefore, to increase the flexibility of PLA it could be blended with LDPE and starch and our newly prepared bioblend film with further modification in properties will be shown in our study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Polyethylene film modification using polylactic acid ‐ Starch additives and study ionizing radiation effect onto aging properties

Maziad

Ghaffar

Ali

2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Modification of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films by blending with Polylactic acid (PLA) and Starch (St) were carried out. Also, the study describes the comparison of two curing methods one by thermal curing at 70°C and the other is radiation curing at dose 20 kGy for the bioblend film composed of LDPE/PLA/St with composition (98%:1%:1% wt%). The efficiency of modification was determined by using different devices such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), mechanical, TGA, and XRD. In addition, the properties of the different bioblends were compared with other synthetic polymers such as commercial LDPE and blank LDPE. The results show that the improved properties of radiation cured method at dose 20 kGy than thermal treatment method at 70°C. The radiation cured bioblend film show good thermal stability either shown by the TGA results or against heating aging from ambient temperature up to 60°C than thermally treated blend film at 70°C. The radiation cured bioblend film found to be stable against UV‐ exposure with increasing time of exposure up to 30 min at higher wavelength (λ = 320 nm), which simulate ultraviolet radiation from sunshine. The modified properties of prepared radiation cured bioblend film are due to increase in interfacial adhesion bond between LDPE, PLA, and Starch by effect of irradiation dose at 20 kGy. The modified radiation cured bioblend films at 20 kGy can be applied in different fields such as packaging due to improvement in chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties that could partially replace the traditional petrochemical plastics.

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Improving and predicting the mechanical properties of foamed and stretched composite poly(lactic acid) films

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Compostable, fully biobased foams using PLA and micro cellulose for zero energy buildings

Compostable, fully biobased foams using PLA and micro cellulose for zero energy buildings

Static and dynamic mechanical characterization of cross-linked polyethylene foams: The effect of density

Polyethylene film modification using polylactic acid ‐ Starch additives and study ionizing radiation effect onto aging properties

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